LOCATION WILLIAMSPORT IN

Established Series
Rev. JRB-WDH-TJE
07/2011

WILLIAMSPORT SERIES

The Williamsport series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that are deep to dense till. Williamsport soils formed in loess or other silty material and in the underlying loamy outwash and till. They are on ground moraines and end moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual precipitation is 940 mm (37 inches), and mean annual temperature is 11 degrees C (51 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquic Argiudolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Williamsport silt loam, on an east-facing, convex, 2 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (8 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak medium granular; friable; common very fine and fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.

A--20 to 28 cm (8 to 11 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 inches).]

Bt1--28 to 46 cm (11 to 18 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; thin continuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) krotovinas; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--46 to 76 cm (18 to 30 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; thin continuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) krotovinas; many medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and many fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of oxidized iron; many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 36 to 74 cm (14 to 29 inches).]

2Bt3--76 to 112 cm (30 to 44 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; thin continuous dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) organic coatings on faces of peds; few very dark gray (10YR 3/1) krotovinas; many fine prominent brownish yellow (10YR 6/8) masses of oxidized iron; many medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions; 6 percent gravel; neutral; abrupt irregular boundary. [15 to 51 cm (6 to 20 inches) thick]

3Bt4--112 to 129 cm (44 to 51 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; thin discontinuous grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; many fine distinct olive yellow (2.5Y 6/6) masses of oxidized iron; many medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; 2 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches) thick]

3Cd--129 to 152 cm (51 to 60 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) silt loam; massive; firm; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron; many fine distinct light gray (2.5Y 7/2) and common fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) iron depletions; 3 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Warren County, Indiana, about 0.5 mile east of State Line City; 400 feet west and 80 feet south of the center of sec. 17, T. 20 N., R. 10 W.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the solum: 127 to 152 cm (50 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the loess or silty material: 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches)
Depth to the 3Bt horizon: 102 to 127 cm (40 to 50 inches)
Depth to densic contact: 127 to 152 cm (50 to 60 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 35 to 40 percent clay

Ap, A horizons:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral depending on liming history

Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loam
Rock fragment content: 3 to 14 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

3Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Rock fragment content: 1 to 5 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

3Cd horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 24 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content: 1 to 5 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline; carbonates are present

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Swygert series. Swygert soils average more than 40 percent clay in the particle-size control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Williamsport soils are on ground moraines and end moraines. Slope ranges from 0 to 2 percent. The soils formed in 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches) of loess or silty material and in the underlying loamy outwash and till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 889 to 965 mm (35 to 38 inches). Mean annual temperature ranges from 10.0 to 11.1 degrees C (50 to 52 degrees F). Frost-free period is 150 to 180 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Brenton, Drummer, Elliott, Markham, Proctor, Symerton, and Varna soils. The Brenton soils have less clay in the subsoil and are on similar landscape positions or on terraces and outwash plains. The poorly drained Drummer soils are in depressions. The Elliott soils have a thinner mantle of loess or silty material and are on similar landscape positions. The moderately well drained Markham, Proctor, Symerton, and Varna soils are on slightly higher lying landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Depth to the top of an intermittent perched high water table ranges from 15 to 61 cm (0.5 to 2.0 feet) between December and April in normal years. Potential for surface runoff is low or medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the solum and moderately low in the underlying till substratum. Permeability is moderate in the silty and loamy sediments and moderately slow in the lower part of the solum formed in till, and slow in the underlying till substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cropped to corn, soybeans, small grain, and legume hay. A few areas are used for pasture. Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses, chiefly big bluestem.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 110 and 111D in west-central Indiana. The type location is in MLRA 110. The series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Warren County, Indiana, 1986.

REMARKS: This soil is considered prime farmland where drained.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 28 cm (Ap, A horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 28 to 129 cm (Bt, 2Bt, 3Bt horizons).
Depth to densic contact: at 129 cm (top of the 3Cd horizon).
Aquic conditions: redox features in all horizons below a depth of 28 cm.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Lab data available for pedon S85IN171003 at the National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, NE.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.