LOCATION WINDWARD WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mesic, coated Lamellic Quartzipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Windward loamy fine sand, on a convex, southwest-facing slope of 5 percent, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of 725 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 9 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) loamy fine sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and very fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (6 to 10 inches thick)
Bw1--9 to 17 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and very fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--17 to 30 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sand; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common very fine and few fine roots; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon ranges from 15 to 55 inches.)
E and Bt--30 to 46 inches; about 85 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) fine sand (E); weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; about 15 percent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) loamy fine sand (Bt) (lamellae are 1/4 to 2 inches thick with total thickness less than 6 inches) moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay bridges between sand grains; few very fine and fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
C--46 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) fine sand; single grain; loose; strongly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Richland County, Wisconsin; about 1 mile northwest of Sextonville; about 1300 feet west and 1100 feet south of the northeast corner of sec. 1, T. 9 N., R. 1 E.; USGS Sextonville WI topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 17 minutes 26 seconds N. and long. 90 degrees 18 minutes 55 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of lamellae: 1/8 to 2 inches
Depth to lamellae: 25 to 60 inches
Sand is dominantly fine sand to a depth of 40 inches. Some pedons have sand textures below 40 inches.
Soil reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid but ranges to neutral, where limed
Ap or A horizon, where present:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 to 4
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: loamy fine sand
Content of clay: 3 to 8 percent
Bw horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: fine sand or loamy fine sand
Content of clay: 3 to 8 percent
E and Bt horizon, E part:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: fine sand
Content of clay: 3 to 8 percent
E and Bt horizon, Bt part:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: fine sand, loamy fine sand or fine sandy loam
Content of clay: 6 to 11 percent
C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 3 to 8
Texture: fine sand
Content of clay: 0 to 4 percent
COMPETING SERIES: There are no other series in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: eolian sand
Landform: toeslopes and footslopes of hills
Elevation: 700 to 850 feet
Mean annual air temperature: 48 to 52 degrees F
Mean annual precipitation: 30 to 34 inches
Frost-free period: 135 to 160 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Near the type location, these are the Bilmod, Bilson, and Gillingham soils. The Bilmod and Bilson soils are on the similar landscape positions. The Bilmod soils are moderately well drained. The Bilson soils are well drained. The Gillingham soils are higher on the landscape positions. The Gillingham soils have a paralithic contact with the bedrock.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: somewhat excessively drained
Permeability: Rapid in the sandy part and moderately rapid or rapid in the lamellae
Runoff: Very low
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. Native vegetation is deciduous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwestern Wisconsin. MLRA 105. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-10 (La Crosse, Wisconsin).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Richland County, Wisconsin, 2002. Name comes from a road in Richland County.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 9 inches;
Lamellic: Lamellae with total thickness of less than 6 inches in the series control section;
Siliceous feature: Less than 10 percent weatherable minerals (0.02 to 2mm fraction) in the particle-size control section;
coated feature - the weighted average content more than 5 percent silt plus clay in the particle-size control section.
Parent material is considered to be eolian sand that has subsequently moved downslope as alluvium. The lamellae are believed to have formed as a result of periodic deposition of fines from nearby loess covered hills. This series is similar to the Drammen series except the source of the sand is from the local weathered sandstone and the lamellae are less than 6 inches thick in the particle-size control section.
Only series status, responsibility, and scrivener's errors changed - 4/09.