LOCATION WINN UT+IDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Cumulic Haploxerolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Winn silt loam--cultivated. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silt loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak medium granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and medium roots; few fine pores; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 8 inches thick)
A1--6 to 13 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and medium roots; common medium pores; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear wavy boundary. (6 to 14 inches thick)
A2--13 to 18 inches; gray (2.5Y 5/1) loam, very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; common coarse pores; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 7 inches thick)
A3--18 to 40 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) moist; common fine distinct, yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and large roots; common coarse pores; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.7); clear smooth boundary. (14 to 26 inches thick)
C--40 to 60 inches; dark gray (2.5Y 4/1) silt loam, very dark gray (2.5Y 3/1) moist; massive; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many fine and medium roots; common fine pores; many medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Cache County, Utah; about 2 miles northeast of Wellsville; approximately 1,500 feet north and 800 feet west of the southeast corner of section 23, T. 11 N., R. 1 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture - Usually moist in the moisture control section during winter and spring, dry in all parts for 60 to 90 consecutive days following the summer solstice in normal years; Xeric moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature - 47 to 51 degrees F.
Mean summer soil temperature - 63 to 68 degrees F.
Mollic epipedon thickness - 24 to 60 inches.
Particle-size control section - Clay content: Averages 18 to 25 percent.
Other features - Coarse stratification is present along with an irregular decrease in organic carbon content.
Ap horizon
Value: 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2, dry or moist.
Organic matter content: 5 to 7 percent.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent or strongly effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent.
A1 horizon
Value: 3 or 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2, dry or moist.
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent gravel.
Structure: Weak to moderate fine to medium granular structure.
Organic matter content: 3 to 5 percent.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent or strongly effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent.
A2 and A3 horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 2 through 4 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2, dry or moist.
Texture: Loam, silt loam, or very fine sandy loam.
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent gravel.
Structure: Weak to moderate fine to medium granular structure.
Organic matter content: 1 or 2 percent.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent or strongly effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent.
C horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y.
Value: 4 through 6 dry, 2 through 4 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2, dry or moist.
Texture: Loam, silt loam, or very fine sandy loam.
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent gravel.
Structure: Weak, fine to medium subangular blocky structure or is massive.
Redoximorphic features: Common to many, fine, distinct or prominent brown to yellowish brown (10YR 5/8 to 7.5YR 5/4) redox concentrations at depths below 16 inches.
Reaction: Slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline.
Effervescence: Slightly effervescent or strongly effervescent.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 1 to 10 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Birdow, Blackrock, Coit, Collister, Dagor, Draper, Eastcan, Goose Creek, Goosenawt, Gosinta, Heidtman, Lakeview, Monroe, Oxy, Shoepeg, and Willowdale series.
Birdow, Blackrock, Dagor, Goosenawt, and Monroe soils have endosaturation below 60 inches in depth. Coit soils are poorly drained and receive 6 to 8 inches of mean annual precipitation. Collister soils are moderately well drained and reaction is neutral or slightly acid. Draper soils are not effervescent throughout. Eastcan soils are moderately well drained with endosaturation commonly greater than 40 inches in depth. Goose Creek soils have 27 to 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section. Gosinta soils are moderately well drained and have very gravelly 2C horizons. Heidtman soils have an aridic moisture regime. Lakeview soils are not effervescent throughout, formed in alluvium derived from volcanic rocks, and are influenced by volcanic ash. Oxy soils are moderately deep to lithic contacts. Shoepeg soils have gravelly 2C horizons at 40 inches or more. Willowdale soils are well drained and are very gravelly or extremely gravelly below 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Winn soils are on flood plains and low stream terraces. These soils formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks such as limestone, sandstone, and quartzite. Slopes are 0 to 3 percent. Elevations range from 4,450 to 5,200 feet. The climate is dry subhumid. The mean annual precipitation is 15 to 17 inches. The mean annual temperature is 45 to 48 degrees F., the mean summer temperature is 68 to 72 degrees F., and the frost-free period is 120 to 150 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Kirkham, Provo, and Woods Cross soils. Kirkham soils have silty clay loam control sections and mollic epipedons less than 20 inches thick. Provo soils have very gravelly sandy loam or very gravelly loamy sand control sections. Woods Cross soils have more than 35 percent clay.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained; low surface runoff; moderate permeability (moderately high or high saturated hydraulic conductivity). Endosaturation is present with an apparent seasonal high water table between 2.5 and 3.5 feet (moderately deep to deep free water occurrence classes) between April and September. Cumulative annual duration class is Common. These soils are susceptible to rare flooding for very brief periods year-round or between February and May.
USE AND VEGETATION: Winn soils are used mainly as irrigated cropland of small grains, pasture, and sugar beets. The native vegetation is mainly Kentucky bluegrass, saltgrass, gumweed, willows, and wildrose. Some areas have sedges and wiregrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Utah and southeastern Idaho. These soils are not extensive with about 2,400 acres of the series mapped to date. MLRA 28A.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Phoenix, Arizona.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cache County, Utah, 1972.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 40 inches (A1, A2, and A3 horizons).
Endosaturation feature - The condition of ground water with an upper boundary between 30 and 42 inches at certain times during normal years (parts of the A3 and C horizons).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 10 to 40 inches (A2 and A3 horizons and part of the A1 horizon).
The superactive cation exchange activity class is estimated based on CEC-7 and clay data in NASIS. In September 1998 the taxonomic classification was changed from an Endoaquoll because the 40 to 50 cm layer doesn't have an aquic condition.