LOCATION WINNEDUMAH CA
Established Series
Rev. PWB-ET-CEJ-MAV
07/2016
WINNEDUMAH SERIES
The Winnedumah series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils formed in alluvium and lacustrine sediments from mixed sources. Winnedumah soils are on stream terraces, lacustrine terraces and fan terraces and have slopes of 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 130 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 15 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic Xeric Haplargids
TYPICAL PEDON: Winnedumah silt loam--on a slope of less than 1 percent under Nevada saltbush, rubber rabbitbrush and American licorice at 1,149 meters elevation (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated; when described on September 11, 1984, the soil was dry to 41 cm, slightly moist from 41 to 104 cm and moist below).
An1--0 to 15 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak very coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium platy; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine and medium roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; violently effervescent; sodium absorption ration is 40; very strongly alkaline (pH 9.4); abrupt wavy boundary (8 to 28 cm thick).
An2--15 to 30 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; weak medium platy structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; many very fine and few fine and medium roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; violently effervescent; sodium absorption ratios is 32; strongly alkaline (pH 9.0); gradual smooth boundary (5 to 25 cm thick).
An3--30 to 53 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and few fine and medium roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; violently effervescent; sodium absorption is 53; strongly alkaline (pH 8.8); gradual smooth boundary (0 to 30 cm thick).
BAtn--53 to 71 cm; light gray (10YR 7/2) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and few fine and medium roots; few very fine and fine tubular pores; common faint clay films on peds and in pores; violently effervescent; sodium absorption ratio is 35; moderately alkaline (pH 7.9); gradual smooth boundary (15 to 38 cm thick).
Bt--71 to 86 cm; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) loam, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; weak very coarse subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium and fine subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and few fine, medium and coarse roots; common very fine and few fine and medium tubular pores; many faint clay films on peds and in pores; violently effervescent; sodium absorption ratio is 17; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); clear wavy boundary (13 to 36 cm thick).
2Btkb--86 cm to 117 cm; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine, medium and coarse roots; common very fine and few fine and medium tubular pores; many faint clay films on peds and in pores and few distinct clay films on peds; slightly effervescent, carbonates segregated as common fine filaments; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary (15 to 41 cm thick).
2Btb1--117 to 137 cm; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; massive; very hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine, medium and coarse roots; common very fine and few fine and medium tubular pores; many faint clay films bridging mineral grains and in pores; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary (15 to 25 cm thick).
2Btb2--137 to 178 cm; pale yellow (5Y 7/3)sandy clay loam, olive (5Y 5/3) moist; weak medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and few fine, medium and coarse roots; common very fine and few fine tubular pores; many faint clay films bridging mineral grains and in pores; many medium and large prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and reddish brown (5YR 5/4), dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) moist, masses of iron accumulations lining pores and surrounding roots; common fine prominent black (10YR 2/1), black (7.5YR 2.5/1), and black (N2/0) manganese accumulations; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6).
TYPE LOCATION: Inyo County, California; 2.5 miles east of Independence; 1,800 feet west and 1,100 feet north of the southeast corner of section 15, T. 13 S., R. 35 E.; USGS Independence 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 36 degrees 48 minutes 02 seconds N and longitude 118 degrees 09 minutes 13 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 36.8005556 latitude, -118.1536111 longitude.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum is 150 to 200 cm. The mean annual soil temperature is 15 to 17.8 degrees C. The soil temperature is below 8.3 degrees C from about December 1 to March 1 and is below 5 degrees C. from about January 1 to February 1. The soil between the depths of 15 and 46 cm is dry throughout for 200 to 225 days from about May 15 to December 15. It is moist throughout for 65 to 80 days from about January 15 to April 1 and is moist in some or all parts for 70 to 85 consecutive days from about March 1 to May 15 when the soil temperature exceeds 8.3 degrees C.; aridic moisture regime bordering on xeric.
A water table is at a depth of 122 to 152 cm from March 1 to May 15 in some years. Drained phases are recognized with the water table below 152 cm. It has less than 5 percent gravel throughout. Non-saline phases are recognized with Electrical conductivity of 0 to 2 decisiemens/meter and sodium adsorption ratio of 0 to 5 where irrigation occurs.
The A horizon color is of 10YR 5/1, 5/2, 6/1, 6/2 or 7/2. Moist color is 10YR 3/1, 3/2, 3/3, 4/2, 4/3, 5/1, 5/2 or 5/3. Textures are sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loam or silt loam averaging 6 to 20 percent clay. It is strongly effervescent or violently effervescent. Electrical conductivity is 8 to 16 dS/m. Sodium adsorption ratio is 13 to 100. Organic carbon is 1 to 3 percent. Reaction is strongly alkaline or very strongly alkaline.
The BAt horizon color is 2.5Y 5/2, 6/2, 7/2; 10YR 5/2, 6/2 or 7/2; moist color is 2.5Y 3/2, 4/2, 5/2; 10YR 3/2, 4/2, 4/5 or 5/3. Textures are sandy loam, fine sandy loam or loam. It is strongly effervescent of violently effervescent with disseminated carbonates. Electrical conductivity is 4 to 16 dS/m. Sodium absorption ratio is 13 to 35. Reaction is slightly alkaline though very strongly alkaline.
The Bt horizon color is 5Y 6/2, 7/2, 7/3; 2.5Y 6/2, 7/2; 10YR 6/2, 6/3, 6/4 or 7/2; moist color is 5Y 4/2, 4/3, 5/3; 2.5Y 4/2, 5/2, 5/4; 10YR 4/2 or 5/3. The lower part of the Bt horizon has common or many medium and large prominent or distinct 5G 5/1; 5GY 5/1; 10YR 5/1, 5/6; 7.5YR 5/5, 5/6; 5YR 5/4; or 2.5YR 5/4 and moist color 5G 4/1; 5GY 4/1; 10YR 3/1, 4/6; 7.5YR 4/6; 5YR 3/4; or 2.5YR 3/4 masses of iron accumulations lining pores and surrounding roots. Fine prominent black or very dark gray manganese stains are common. Textures are sandy loam, sandy clay loam, loam, clay loam, silty clay loam or silt loam averaging 20 to 35 percent clay. It is noneffervescent to violently effervescent with disseminated carbonates. Electrical conductivity is 4 to 16 dS/m in the upper part and less than 4 dS/m in the lower part (2Bt). Sodium absorption ratio is 13 to 35 and decreases with depth. Reaction is slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline and becomes less alkaline with depth.
Some pedons have a C horizon with colors and chemical characteristics similar to the lower Bt horizon. Textures are coarse sand, fine sandy loam and gravelly sand.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no soils in this family. Similar soils in other families are the
Abgese,
Ackley,
Colbar,
Greenbrae,
Lankbush, McDermott (T),
Paulville,
Sevy,
Stiles (T),
Turria,
Wespac (T) and
Zane Series. All of these soils have mesic soil temperatures.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Winnedumah soils are on stream terraces and lacustrine terraces. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The soils formed in alluvium and lacustrine sediments from mixed sources. Elevations are 1,113 to 1,310 meters. The climate is arid with hot dry summers, and cool moist winters. Mean annual precipitation is 10 to 15 cm. Mean January temperature is about 4.4 degrees C; mean July temperature is about 26.7 degrees C. and mean annual temperature is 13.9 to 16.1 degrees C. The frost-free season is 140 to 225 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Eclipse,
Manzanar (T), and
Mazourka soils. Eclipse soils have a cambic horizon and are somewhat excessively drained. Manzanar soils are poorly drained and have a xeric moisture regime due to a high water table. Mazourka soils have a natric horizon and are well drained. All of these soils are on stream terraces or lacustrine terraces of nearby landscapes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained; slow runoff; moderately slow permeability. Drained phases are recognized and are well and moderately well drained.
USE AND VEGETATION: Winnedumah soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. Vegetation is Nevada saltbush, alkali sacaton, black greasewood and other saline-sodic tolerant plants.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Owens Valley of eastern California. The series is not extensive. MLRA 29.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES PROPOSED: Benton-Owens Valley Area, Inyo County, California, 1985. Name from nearby Winnedumah Rock.
REMARKS: The Winnedumah soils are located in an area that has some artificial drainage.
Major diagnostic horizons and other soil characteristics recognized in the profile are:
Major Diagnostic Horizons:
1. Ochric epipedon--0 to 53 cm (An1, An2, An3).
1.1 Organic carbon content ranges from 1 to 3 percent, but dry color values are 6 or 7 (Walkley-Black digestion method).
1.2 Calcium carbonate equivalent less than 40 percent. (Calcium carbonate percent by field kit).
2. Argillic horizon--53 to 178 cm (Bt, 2Btkb, 2Btb1)
2.1 Clay content increases from about 20 percent in the An3 horizon and 21 percent in the BAt horizon to 27 percent in the 2Btkb horizon.
2.2 Many faint clay films on peds and in pores, few distinct clay films on peds.
2.3 Natric horizon not observed. Weak prismatic in lower Bt but sodium absorption ratio is less than 13 in that horizon, and reaction is slightly alkaline (pH 7.4 to 7.8).
Other Soil Characteristics:
1. Thermic temperature regime -- MAST 15 to 17.8 degrees C; this and other climatic characteristics are from available local climatic data and preliminary SCS data.
2. Mineralogy -- assumed mixed, no indication otherwise.
3. Particle size class -- fine-loamy based on hydrometer and field estimate of 71 to 122 cm control section.
4. Aridic moisture regime -- assumption based on vegetation indicators, depth to water table, and preliminary SCS moisture data.
4.1 The MCS is dry throughout from May 15 to December 15. It is moist throughout from Jan 15 to April 1.
4.2 The soil temperature exceeds 5 degrees C. from February 1 to January 1 (335 days). Within this time period, the MCS is dry from May 15 to December 15 (210 days).
4.3 The soil temperature exceeds 8.3 degrees C. from March 1 to December 1 (270 days). Within this time period, the MCS is dry from May 15 to December 1 (195 days).
The superactive cation exchange activity class was added in 03/2003 to the taxonomic classification by the National Soil Survey Center on request of the Reno MLRA office, without review of the soil series property data. The remainder of this document has not been updated.
ADDITIONAL DATA: This pedon was sampled in July, 1986 for characterization at the NSSL. Sample number S86CA-27-5.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.