LOCATION WINNER COEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, calcareous, mesic Cumulic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Winner clay loam in irrigated hay and pasture on a 1 percent slope. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
Azg--0 to 4 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/8), moist, iron masses; moderate medium granular structure; hard, firm, slightly sticky and moderately plastic; common fine filaments and soft masses of salts; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
ACzg--4 to 14 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; common fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6), moist, iron masses; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many fine soft masses and filaments of salt; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary.
ACz--14 to 23 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) moist iron masses; massive; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few fine soft masses of salts; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); gradual wavy boundary.
AC--23 to 31 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; few fine faint yellowish red (5YR 5/6), moist, iron masses; massive; very hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 5 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5); clear wavy boundary.
2C--31 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) very stony sandy clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; few fine faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/6), moist, iron masses; massive; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; 15 percent gravel, 15 percent cobbles, and 30 percent stones; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.5).
TYPE LOCATION: Montezuma County, Colorado; about 2 miles southwest of Mancos; located about 1,600 feet east and 900 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 31, T. 36 N., R. 13 W.; Mancos, Colorado USGS Quad; lat. 37 degrees 19 minutes 42 seconds N. and long. 108 degrees 19 minutes 32 seconds W., NAD 27
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture regime: aquic
Soil temperature regime: mesic
Mean annual soil temperature: 48 to 51 degrees F
Mean annual summer soil temperature: 63 to 68 degrees F
Particle-size control section: 20 to 35 percent clay
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 24 to 60 inches
Water table: depth is 0 to 20 inches, kind is apparent
A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4 (2 or 3 moist)
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: silt loam, clay loam, or loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 10 percent
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
AC horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 (2 to 4 moist)
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam, loam, very fine sandy loam, sandy clay loam, clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 2 percent
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6 (2 to 4 moist)
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: sandy clay loam
Rock fragments: 35 to 60 percent
Clay content: 25 to 35 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 2 percent
Reaction: slightly or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Bishop, Millington, and Stearns series. Potential competitors that do not yet have CEA class assigned are the Havelock and Tremont series. Bishop soils have value of 5 moist and 6 dry in the C horizon below depths of 28 inches and occur in a climatic zone with 220 day growing season and 5 to 6 inches of precipitation. Havelock and Millington soils have moisture control sections that are dry less than 45 days in the 4 months following the summer solstice. Stearns soils are poorly drained and have SAR greater than 13. Tremont soils are moderately deep.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: alluvium derived from mixed sources
Landform: flood plains
Slopes: 0 to 2 percent
Elevation: 6,200 to 7,100 feet
Mean annual temperature: 46 to 52 degrees F
Mean annual precipitation: 13 to 16 inches
Frost-free period: 100 to 120 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Umbarg and Tesajo soils. Tesajo soils are moderately well drained and are skeletal. Umbarg soils are moderately well drained and have a watertable at 36 inches or below.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained, negligible to medium runoff, moderately slow permeability. These soils are rarely flooded.
USE AND VEGETATION: Used mainly as irrigated hay and pasture. Vegetation is mainly smooth brome, orchard grass, timothy, bluegrass and sedge.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southwest Colorado. LRR D, MLRA, 36. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cortez Area, Colorado, Parts of Dolores and Montezuma Counties 1997.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 31 inches. (Azg, ACzg, ACz, AC)
Cumulic feature: The mollic epipedon extends to 31 inches.
Redoximorphic features: Redox concentrations in the zone from 4 to 60 inches.
Water table: The presence of an apparent water table from 0 to 20 inches during the spring and summer. This soil is sometimes inundated for short periods of time.
Particle size control section: The zone from 10 to 40 inches. (ACzg, ACz, AC, 2C)
Soil Taxonomy Second Edition, 1999