LOCATION WONDERLAND WA
Established Series
IRD. SMB/PHR/MPR
07/2017
WONDERLAND SERIES
Landscape--Cascade Mountains
Landform--swales, outwash terraces, glacial valley floors
Slope--0 to 35 percent
Parent material--glacial till and lahar sediment
Mean annual precipitation--about 2200 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 3 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained
Soil moisture regime--aquic
Soil temperature regime--cryic
Soil moisture subclass--typic
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy-skeletal, glassy, nonacid Typic Cryaquands
TYPICAL PEDON: Wonderland very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam on a northwest-facing, forested glacial valley floor with a slope of 3 percent and at an elevation of 1520 m (When described on September 18, 2013, the soil was moist throughout.)
Oi--0 to 2 cm; slightly decomposed plant material; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); clear wavy boundary
Oe--2 to 5 cm; moderately decomposed plant material; common very fine and fine and few medium and coarse roots; very strongly acid (pH 4.5); abrupt wavy boundary
A--5 to 15 cm; very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine to medium and few coarse roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 10 percent fine andesite gravel, 20 percent medium and coarse andesite gravel, and 20 percent andesite cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.7); clear wavy boundary
Bw--15 to 35 cm; very gravelly ashy sandy loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and few fine and medium roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 10 percent fine andesite gravel, 25 percent medium and coarse andesite gravel, 15 percent andesite cobbles, and 5 percent andesite stones; moderately acid (pH 5.7); clear wavy boundary
Bg1--35 to 60 cm; very gravelly ashy sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 2 percent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) masses of oxidized iron in matrix and 2 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries along root channels; 10 percent fine andesite gravel, 25 percent medium and coarse andesite gravel, 15 percent andesite cobbles, and 5 percent andesite stones; moderately acid (pH 5.7); clear wavy boundary
Bg2--60 to 100 cm; very gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 2 percent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) masses of oxidized iron in matrix and 2 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries along root channels; 15 percent fine andesite gravel, 20 percent medium and coarse andesite gravel, and 20 percent andesite cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.8); clear wavy boundary
Bg3--100 to 150 cm; extremely gravelly ashy fine sandy loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and nonplastic; few very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine interstitial pores; 2 percent dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) masses of oxidized iron in matrix and 2 percent dark gray (10YR 4/1) iron depletions with diffuse boundaries along root channels; 15 percent fine andesite gravel, 25 percent medium and coarse andesite gravel, and 20 percent andesite cobbles; moderately acid (pH 5.8)
TYPE LOCATION: Pierce County, Washington, near the headwaters of Tahoma Creek and the toe of Tahoma Glacier, below Glacier Island in Mount Rainier National Park; about 685 m north and 185 m west of the southeast corner of section 6, T. 15 N., R. 8 E., Willamette Meridian; Mount Rainier West, Washington, U.S. Geological Survey quadrangle; latitude 46.813982 degrees north, longitude -121.845201 degrees west, datum WGS 84 (coordinates determined with a GPS)
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual soil temperature--3 to 6 degrees C
Depth to redoximorphic iron depletions--25 to 50 cm below the mineral soil surface
All mineral horizons
*Organic carbon content--less than 0.6 percent
*Reaction--5.5 to 6.0
*Andic soil properties
*Volcanic glass content--50 to 75 percent
*Ammonium oxalate Al plus 1/2 Fe--greater than 0.4 percent
*Clay content--2 to 10 percent
*Rock fragment content--35 to 75 percent total, including 15 to 50 percent gravel, 5 to 35 percent cobbles, 0 to 10 percent stones, and 0 to 10 percent boulders
O horizon
*In lieu of texture--slightly decomposed plant material, moderately decomposed plant material
*Thickness--0 to 10 cm
A horizon
*Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
*Value--1 to 3 moist, 3 to 5 dry
*Chroma--1 to 3 moist or dry
*Fine-earth texture--ashy fine sandy loam, ashy loamy sand
*Thickness--10 to 25 cm
Bw horizon
*Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
*Value--2.5 to 5 moist, 4 to 7 dry
*Chroma--1 to 4 moist or dry
*Fine-earth texture--ashy sandy loam, ashy loamy sand, ashy coarse sandy loam
*Thickness--15 to 25 cm
Bg horizon
*Hue--10YR, 7.5YR
*Value--2.5 to 5 moist, 4 to 7 dry
*Chroma--1 to 4 moist or dry
*Fine-earth texture--ashy fine sandy loam, ashy sandy loam, ashy loamy sand, ashy coarse sandy loam
*Thickness--more than 100 cm
COMPETING SERIES:
Mesquito--aquic conditions within 25 cm of the soil surface
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--1000 to 2000 m
Climate--cool, dry summers; cold, wet winters
Mean annual precipitation--1700 to 2800 mm
Mean annual air temperature--2 to 5 degrees C
Frost-free period--30 to 60 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Sluiskin--lithic contact within 50 cm of the soil surface (shallow); on steeper slopes of similar landforms with bedrock near surface
Sheepskull--lithic contact within 50 to 100 cm of the soil surface (moderately deep); on steeper slopes of similar landforms with bedrock near surface
Glacierisland--no aquic conditions; on steeper slopes of similar landforms with deeper deposits of glacial till and lahar sediment
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--somewhat poorly drained
Saturation in normal years--below 25 to 50 cm in April through June, below 100 cm in August through December
Flooding--rare
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--high, very high
USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--wildlife habitat, recreation
Potential natural vegetation--Sitka alder, subalpine fir, mountain hemlock, Pacific silver fir, noble fir, Engelmann spruce, Alaskan yellow-cedar, vine maple, thimbleberry, devils club, Oregon oxalis, deer fern, western swordfern, oakfern, twinflower, purple monkey-flower
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Cascade Mountains, Washington; MLRA 3; small extent
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Mount Rainier National Park, Pierce County, Washington; 2014; name from Wonderland Trail in Mount Rainier National Park
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features in this pedon
*Particle-size control section--zone from 5 to 105 cm
*Ochric epipedon
*Cambic horizon--zone from 5 to 150 cm
*Andic soil properties--zone from 5 to 150 cm
*Volcanic glass content--zone from 5 to 150 cm
*Redoximorphic iron concentrations--zone from 35 to 150 cm
*Redoximorphic iron depletions with chroma of 2 or less--zone from 35 to 150 cm
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.