LOCATION WYOCENA WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
01/2011

WYOCENA SERIES

The Wyocena series consists of very deep, well drained soils formed in sandy till on ground moraines and end moraines. Slope ranges from 2 to 45 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 737 mm (29 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 8.9 degrees C (48 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, semiactive, mesic Typic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Wyocena loamy fine sand - on an 8 percent slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 247 meters (810 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) loamy fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine fibrous roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

E--20 to 25 cm (8 to 10 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular structure; very friable; common fine fibrous roots; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. [0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 inches) thick]

BE--25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [0 to 15 cm (0 to 6 inches) thick]

Bt1--38 to 64 cm (15 to 25 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; clay bridges between sand grains and a few faint clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--64 to 79 cm (25 to 31 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/4) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) sandy loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds and clay bridges between sand grains; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt1 and Bt2 horizons ranges from 33 to 46 cm (13 to 18 inches).]

Bt3--79 to 91 cm (31 to 36 inches); yellowish red (5YR 4/6) loamy sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; faint clay bridges between sand grains; about 5 percent gravel; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [13 to 23 cm (5 to 9 inches) thick]

C1-- 91 to 137 cm (36 to 54 inches); yellowish red (5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 7 percent gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary.

C2--137 to 152 cm (54 to 60 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sand with a few thin brown (7.5YR 4/4) bands of loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 7 percent gravel neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Marquette County, Wisconsin; about 1 mile south of Budsin; 1690 feet south and 20 feet east of the northwest corner, sec. 34, T. 17 N., R. 10 E. USGS Germania, Wisconsin Topographic Quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 54 minutes 15 seconds N., and long. 89 degrees 18 minutes 26 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 61 to 102 cm (24 to 40 inches)
Particle-size control section (weighted average): 8 to 18 percent clay, 52 to 72 percent fine sand or coarser
Reacton: naturally strongly acid to slightly acid in the solum, neutral in the upper part, where limed; moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the substratum
Depth to carbonates: in the substratum of some pedons below a depth of 102 cm (40 inches)
Volume of gravel: 0 to 15 percent in the solum; 0 to 25 percent in the substratum
Volume of coarse fragments larger than 3 inches: 0 to 5 percent throughout the pedon
Special features: A sandstone substratum phase is recognized in some places.

Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand or loamy sand

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand or loamy sand

E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture; sandy loam or loamy sand

BE horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: loamy sand

Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture; typically sandy loam in the upper part, thin subhorizons of sandy clay loam, loam, or loamy sand in some pedons; typically grading to loamy sand in the lower part

C horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: loamy sand or sand or the gravelly analogues

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Boyer and Lapeer series. Boyer soils have more than 90 percent fine sand or coarser in the lower part of the series control section and are stratified there. Lapeer soils have less than 75 percent fine sand or coarser in the lower aprt of the series control section and have carbonates within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wyocena soils are on ground moraines and end moraines. Slope ranges from 2 to 45 percent. Wyocena soils formed in sandy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 711 to 838 mm (28 to 33 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7.8 to 10.0 (46 to 50 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Boyer, Coloma, Kranski, Lapeer, Mecan, Okee, and Oshtemo soils. All of these soils are on similar landscape positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface runoff ranges from low to high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the loamy subsoil and high to very high (42.34 to 141.14 micrometers per second) in the sandy subsoil and substratum. Permeability is moderate in the loamy subsoil and rapid in the sandy subsoil and substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: Much of this soil is cleared and used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forests with red oak, red maple, black oak, and jack pine predominant.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 89, 90A, 90B, 95B, 105 in central Wisconsin. This soil is moderately extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Marquette County, Wisconsin, 1969.

REMARKS: Refer to soil survey sample number 78WI137001 for NSSL data on a pedon of Wyocena.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 38 cm (0 to 15 inches) (Ap, E, BE); argillic horizon - 38 to 91 cm (15 to 36 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3).

- Semi-active CEAC based on NSSL data from one pedon.

- 4224 acres of Wyocena, sandstone substratum are correlated in Columbia County. A new series may be needed.

- 1103 acres of Wyocena Variant are correlated in Calumet-Manitowoc Counties with a glossic horizon (Haplic Glossudalf).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.