LOCATION WOONSOCKET SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic Glossic Natrustolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Woonsocket fine sandy loam - on a plane slope of l percent in tame pasture. When described the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) fine sandy loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine and medium granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine and fine roots throughout; few very fine tubular pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)
BE-- 7 to 10 inches; dark gray (10YR 4/1) and gray (10YR 5/1) fine sandy loam, black (10YR 2/1) and very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak thin platy; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine roots throughout; few very fine tubular pores; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Btn1--10 to 16 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) sandy clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots between peds; common very fine tubular pores; clay films on vertical faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary.
Btn2--16 to 24 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist, moderate medium and coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few very fine roots between peds; common very fine tubular pores; clay films on vertical faces of peds; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (Combined Btn horizons 8 to 16 inches thick)
Bk1--24 to 32 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) loamy fine sand, olive brown (2.5Y 4/3) moist; weak medium prismatic structure parting to weak fine and medium subangular blocky; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots throughout; 10 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; common fine masses of carbonate; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary.
Bk2--32 to 45 inches; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) loamy sand, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist redox concentrations; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; loose; 8 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; common fine masses of carbonate; strongly effervescent; 2 percent gravel; moderately alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. (l0 to 30 inches thick)
C--45 to 80 inches; light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) sand, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist redox concentrations and common fine prominent gray (10YR 5/1) moist redox depletions; single grain; loose; 6 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; few fine soft masses of carbonate; strongly effervescent; 5 percent gravel; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Spink County, South Dakota; 7 miles west and 1 miile south of Tulare; 1,000 feet east and 350 feet south of the northwest corner of Sec. 3, T. 114 N. - R. 65 W.; USGS Topographical Quadrangle - TULARE NW, S. DAK.; Latitude: 44 degrees, 43 minutes, 8 seconds N;
Longitude: 98 degrees, 38 minutes, 31 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the mollic epipedon ranges from 20 to 35 inches and commonly includes all of the Btn horizon. Depth to carbonates ranges from 14 to 35 inches.
The A horizon has hue of l0YR, value of 2 or 3 and 3 or 4 dry, and chroma of 1 or 2. It typically is fine sandy loam or sandy loam, but, is loam in some pedons. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The BE horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 to 4 and 3 to 5 dry, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. It is slightly acid or neutral.
The Btn horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 and 3 to 5 dry, and chroma of 1 or 2. It typically is sandy clay loam but includes sandy loam and fine sandy loam. It ranges from l8 to 35 percent clay and from 55 to 80 percent fine sand or coarser. Dark colored tongues of A horizon extend through the Btn horizon in some pedons. Small patches of uncoated sand grains are on vertical cleavage planes and in root channels in the upper part of the Btn horizon in some pedons. It is slightly acid or neutral.
Some pedons have a Btkn horizon up to 6 inches thick. When present, it has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5 and 4 to 6 dry, and chroma of 2 or 3. It typically is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. It has few to many, faint or distinct redox features. It typically has few or common, fine or medium accumulations of carbonates. It is neutral or slightly alkaline.
The Bk and C horizons have hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 3 to 5 and 5 to 7 dry, and chroma of 2 to 4. They are fine sandy loam, loamy sand, loamy fine sand or fine sand. In addition, textures of sand are allowed in the C horizon. The Bk and C horizons have few to many, faint or distinct redox features. They are slightly or moderately alkaline. The Bk horizon has few to many, fine to coarse accumulations of carbonates. Some pedons have thin strata of loam, silt loam, and fine sandy loam between depths of 40 and 80 inches.
COMPETING SERIES: These are no series in the same family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Woonsocket soils are level to gently sloping on glacial outwash plains. Surfaces are plane or concave. Slope gradients typically are less than 3 percent but range from 0 to 6 percent. The soils formed in loamy glacial outwash sediments. The mean annual air temperature ranges from 45 to 50 degrees F, and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 17 to 24 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Artesian, Blendon, Carthage, Doger, Durrstein, Elsmere, Fedora, Hand and Whitelake soils. Artesian and Durrstein soils have fine textured control sections and are on lower parts of the landscape. Blendon, Carthage, Doger, and Hand soils are on higher parts of the landscape. Blendon and Carthage soils are coarse-loamy, and Doger soils are sandy. Hand soils lack argillic horizons and contain less sand. Elsmere and Fedora soils are in swales and depressions. Elsmere soils are sandy, and Fedora soils have calcic horizons. Whitelake soils are on similar parts of the landscape and do not have a glossic horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff is negligible to medium depending on slope. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderately rapid or rapid in the underlying material. A seasonal high water table is at depths of 3 to 5 feet in the spring of most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Soils are cropped to corn, small grain, and alfalfa. Native vegetation is big bluestem, needlegrasses, indiangrass, switchgrass, and sedges.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central South Dakota. The series is inextensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Sanborn County, South Dakota, November 1978.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in theis pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 24 inches (Ap, BE, Btn1 and Btn2 horizons); glossic horizon - the zone from 7 to 10 inches (BE horizon); natric horizon - the zone from 10 to 24 inches (Btn1 and Btn2 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA; Laboratory characterization (NSSL) - S96SD115-035