LOCATION XIPE NV
Established Series
Rev. MDD-RWD-DD-JBF
12/2019
XIPE SERIES
The Xipe series consists of very deep, very poorly drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks with some influence from loess and volcanic ash. The Xipe soils are on stream and river flood plains and terraces. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. The mean annual precipitation is about 200 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Fluvaquentic Endoaquolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Xipe silt loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)
A1--0 to 8 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine and fine, common medium and few coarse roots; many very fine tubular pores; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 10 cm thick)
A2--8 to 15 cm; dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redox concentrations; strong medium and coarse prismatic structure; hard, friable, very sticky and moderately plastic; many very fine, common fine and medium roots; many very fine and common fine tubular pores; neutral (pH 7.0); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 23 cm thick)
A3--15 to 25 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; few fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redox concentrations; strong coarse prismatic structure; hard, friable, very sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine and common fine tubular pores; few fine manganese concretions; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt irregular boundary. (0 to 28 cm thick)
Ab1--25 to 30 cm; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, black (10YR 2/1) moist; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) redox concentrations; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, very sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine and common fine tubular pores; few fine gypsum masses; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 8 cm thick)
Ab2--30 to 51 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; common, medium, faint brown (10YR 5/3) redox concentrations; strong thick and very thick platy structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine and common fine tubular pores; few fine gypsum masses; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 23 cm thick)
ACb--51 to 66 cm; gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) redox concentrations; strong medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine, common fine and medium tubular pores; 5 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (0 to 33 cm thick)
2C1--66 to 94 cm; gray (10YR 6/1) gravelly loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; many medium and coarse distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and few fine distinct dark reddish brown (2.5YR 2.5/4) redox concentrations; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; many very fine interstitial pores; 15 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (18 to 90 cm thick)
3C2--94 to 152 cm; light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) gravelly coarse sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; many coarse distinct strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; single grained; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine, fine and medium roots; many fine interstitial pores; many fine manganese concretions; 15 percent gravel; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4).
TYPE LOCATION: Elko County, Nevada; approximately 8 miles south of Jackpot, Nevada, in the Salmon Falls Creek drainage, about 2,000 feet south and 1,500 feet west of the northeast corner of section 4, T. 45 N., R. 64 E.; USGS Middle Stack Mountain 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; longitude 41 degrees, 49 minutes, 05 seconds N and longitude 114 degrees 43 minutes 42 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 41.8180333 latitude, -114.7283333 longitude.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Saturated at some depth between the soil surface and 46 cm for at least one month during most years, mainly during late winter and spring. Summer and fall months the depth to water table is 90 to 150 cm. Drained phases are recognized.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon thickness: 25 to 60 cm.
Depth to contrasting textures: 38 to 90 cm.
Particle-size control section - Clay content: Upper part is 18 to 35 percent and the lower part is up to 5 percent.
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam in the upper part; lower part is stratified loamy sand to extremely gravelly coarse sand.
Rock fragments: Upper part is up to 5 percent and the lower part averages 15 to 35 percent with any one strata having up to 75 percent, mainly gravel.
A and AC horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 through 6 dry, 2 or 3 moist; color value of 6, dry is below 25 cm.
Chroma: 1 or 2.
Reaction: Neutral through moderately alkaline.
Effervescence: Noneffervescent through slightly effervescent in the upper part noneffervescent in the lower part below 36 cm.
Redox concentration: Common in the lower subhorizons, range from few to many, fine to coarse and are faint or distinct.
Gypsum: Is absent in many pedons.
Other features: Buried A horizon is common in most pedons.
C horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 1 or 2.
Consistence: Soft to hard, dry; very friable to firm, moist slightly sticky to very sticky and slightly plastic to plastic, wet.
Other features: Some pedons are slightly effervescent.
Redox concentration: Few to many, fine to very coarse and faint or distinct.
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Xipe soils are on stream and river flood plains and terraces. These soils formed in alluvium derived from mixed rocks with some influence from loess and volcanic ash. Slopes are 0 to 2 percent. Elevations are 1,345 to 1,680 meters. The climate is cool, semiarid with cool, moist winters and warm, dry summers. The mean annual precipitation is 150 to 250 mm, mean annual temperature is 7 to 10 degrees C, and the frost-free season is 100 to 120 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Ocala and
Valmy soils. Ocala soils lack a Mollic epipedon and are strongly salt and alkali effected. Valmy soils lack a Mollic epipedon and have silica cementation at a depth of 20 to 50 cm.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Very poorly drained, very slow runoff, moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.
USE AND VEGETATION: Livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The present vegetation is mainly creeping wildrye, inland saltgrass and sedges.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Nevada. MLRA 25, 24. These soils are not extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Elko County, Nevada, Northeast part, 1986.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the soil surface to 51 cm (A1, A2, A3, Ab1 and Ab2 horizons).
Fluventic feature - Irregular decrease of organic carbon.
Lithologic discontinuity - The boundary at about 66 cm (2C horizon).
Zone of endosaturation - From 8 to 152 cm (The A2, A3, Ab1, Ab2 ACb, 2C and 3C horizons).
Seasonal water table - Within 0 to 46 cm.
Particle-size control section - The zone from 25 to 100 cm (Ab1, Ab2, ACb, 2C1, and part of the 3C2 horizons).
Classification was changed in 1992 from Haplaquolls to Endoaquolls.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.