LOCATION YAPLE MT
Tentative Series
Rev. PHO-JCK
05/2014
YAPLE SERIES
The Yaple series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium or colluvium. These soils are on fan remnants, eroded fan remnants, alluvial fans, and stream terraces. Slopes are 0 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 432 mm, and mean annual temperature is about 4.4 degrees C.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, carbonatic, frigid Typic Calciustepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Yaple gravelly loam, rangeland (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).
A--0 to 13 cm; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) gravelly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; moderate fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine tubular and irregular pores; 20 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary. (6 to 15 cm thick)
Bk1--13 to 27 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky and moderate fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine irregular and common very fine and fine tubular pores; 10 percent fine carbonate masses on faces of peds and 10 percent faint carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 10 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear smooth boundary.
Bk2--27 to 40 cm; pale brown (10YR 6/3) sandy clay loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; moderate coarse subangular blocky and moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine irregular and tubular pores; 15 percent medium carbonate masses on faces of peds and 5 percent carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 5 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary.
Bk3--40 to 60 cm; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) gravelly sandy clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine and fine irregular and common very fine tubular pores; 35 percent very coarse carbonate masses on faces of peds and 20 percent carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 20 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of Bk horizons is 45 to 80 cm thick)
BCk1--60 to 104 cm; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/3) sandy clay loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/4) moist; massive; friable, slightly hard, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common very fine and fine irregular and tubular pores; finely disseminated carbonates and 13 percent carbonate coats on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 13 percent gravel; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 35 cm thick)
BCk2--104 to 160 cm; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) extremely gravelly coarse sandy loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; common very fine roots; common fine and medium interstitial pores; finely disseminated carbonates and 70 percent pendular carbonate nodules on bottom surfaces of rock fragments; 55 percent gravel and 20 percent cobbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4).
TYPE LOCATION: Wheatland County, Montana; located about 544 meters west and 234 meters south of the northeast corner of section 3, T8N, R13E; Twodot topographic quadrangle; UTM 12T, 570655e, 5148673n, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean Annual Soil temperature - 5 to 7 degrees C
Particle-size control section (weighted average) - less than 18 percent noncarbonate clay
A horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4, 5, or 6 dry; 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2, 3 or 4
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 27 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 60 percent--0 to 35 percent gravel, 0 to 25 percent cobbles, 0 to 10 percent stones
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent
Reaction: pH 7.8 to 8.4
Bk1 horizon
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5, 6, 7 or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6 or 7 moist
Chroma: 1, 2, 3 or 4
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam
Clay content: 18 to 28 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent; 0 to 25 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 20 to 40 percent
Reaction: pH 8.0 to 8.6
Bk2 and Bk3 horizons
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5, 6, 7 or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6 or 7 moist
Chroma: 1, 2, 3 or 4
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam, or sandy loam
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent; 0 to 35 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 40 to 60 percent
Reaction: pH 8.2 to 8.6
BCk1 horizons (where present)
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5, 6, 7 or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6 or 7 moist
Chroma: 1, 2, 3 or 4
Texture: sandy clay loam, loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 10 to 30 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 35 percent; 0 to 25 percent gravel, 0 to 10 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 40 to 60 percent
Reaction: pH 8.2 to 8.6
BCk2 horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5, 6, 7, or 8 dry; 4, 5, 6 or 7 moist
Chroma: 2, 3, or 4
Texture: sandy loam or loam
Clay content: 10 to 18 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 80 percent; 30 to 80 percent gravel, 5 to 30 percent cobbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 40 to 60 percent
Reaction: pH 8.2 to 8.6
COMPETING SERIES:
Botero (WY) - have a cambic horizon; have a lithologic discontinuity
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - fan remnants, eroded fan remnants, alluvial fans, and stream terraces
Elevation - 1,350 to 1,800 meters
Slope - 0 to 35 percent
Parent material - alluvium or colluvium
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers
Mean annual precipitation - 380 to 500 mm
Mean annual air temperature - 3 to 6 degrees C
Frost-free period - 70 to 90 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: None listed.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderate permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Yaple soils are used mainly for rangeland; some areas are used for dryland wheat production or irrigated hay and pasture. Potential native vegetation is mainly bluebunch wheatgrass, Idaho fescue, and Cussick's bluegrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Yaple soils are of moderate extent in central and western Montana. MLRAs 43B and 46.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES PROPOSED: Wheatland County, Montana, 2011. The Yaple series is named after a local landform on the Yaple Bench topographic quadrangle.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - from 0 to 13 cm (A horizon)
Calcic horizon - from 13 to 60 cm (Bk1, Bk2, and Bk3 horizons)
Particle-size control section - from 25 to 100 cm (part of the Bk1, Bk2, Bk3, and BCk1 horizons)
Yaple soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Kellogg Soil Survey Laboratory - 06N1009, 06N1011.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.