LOCATION YETULL MT+ND WYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, frigid Aridic Ustipsamments
TYPICAL PEDON: Yetull loamy sand, in grassland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted)
A--0 to 5 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; single grain; soft, loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine and common medium roots; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear wavy boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
C1--5 to 15 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy coarse sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine and few medium roots; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 20 inches thick)
C2--15 to 35 inches, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; many fine and very fine roots; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); gradual wavy boundary.
C3--35 to 66 inches, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grain; loose, nonsticky and nonplastic; common roots in upper part and few below 50 inches; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2).
TYPE LOCATION: Cascade County, Montana; 1,056 feet south and 528 feet east of W 1/4 corner of sec. 15, T. 19 N., R. 3 E.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil temperature - 40 to 47 degrees.
Moisture control section - between 12 and 35 inches; dry in all parts between four-tenths and five-tenths of the cumulative days per year when the soil temperature at a depth of 20 inches is 41 degrees F or higher.
Depth to carbonates - typically less than 15 inches, but ranges to as deep as 30 inches.
Soil phase - gravelly, loamy substratum, calcareous.
10 to 40 inch particle-size control section - more than 35 percent medium and coarse sand
A horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4, 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist
Chroma: 2, 3, or 4
Texture: loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, fine sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam or sandy loam
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 60 percent--0 to 10 percent cobbles, 0 to 55 percent pebbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 10 percent
Effervescence: none to strong
Reaction: pH 6.6 to 8.4
C1 horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4, 5, or 6 dry; 3, 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2, 3, or 4
Texture: sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy fine sand or coarse sand
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent pebbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 10 percent
Effervescence: none to strong
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 8.4
C2 horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4, 5, or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2, 3, or 4
Texture: sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy fine sand or coarse sand
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent pebbles
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 3 to 10 percent
Effervescence: slight to violent
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 8.4
C3 horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4, 5, or 6 dry; 4 or 5 moist
Chroma: 2, 3, or 4
Texture: sand, fine sand, loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, loamy fine sand or coarse sand
Clay content: 0 to 10 percent
Effervescence: strong or violent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 3 to 10 percent
Reaction: pH 7.4 to 8.4
COMPETING SERIES:
Dearjosh (CO) - Precipitation is distrubuted evenly throughout the year.
Marthaspeak (CO) - Moderately deep to a lithic contact.
Trey (SD) - Moderately deep to a paralithic contact.
Tusler (ND) - has a paralithic contact of sandstone at depths of 20 to 40 inches.
Zeona (SD) - greater than 36 inches to carbonates; has less than 35 percent medium and coarse sand.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Landform - alluvial fans; stream terraces; hills; dunes; till plains; escarpments.
Elevation - 1,900 to 6,500 feet.
Slope- 0 to 70 percent.
Parent material - sand, alluvium, eolian deposits or glacial lakeshore sediments.
Climate - long, cold winters; moist springs; warm summers.
Mean annual precipitation - 10 to 15 inches, most of which falls in the spring and in the early part of summer.
Mean annual air temperature - 38 to 45 degrees F.
Frost-free period - 70 to 135 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Busby, Chinook, Fleak and Twilight soils. Busby, Chinook and Twilight soils are below Yetull soils on the landscape. They are coarse-loamy. In addition, Busby and Twilight and have a calcic horizon, Twilight soils are moderately deep to a paralithic contact, and Chinook soils have a mollic epipedon. Fleak soils occur on similar landscape positions as Yetull. They are shallow to a paralithic contact.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat excessively drained; rapid permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: Yetull soils are used mainly for range. The potential native vegetation is mainly prairie sandreed, little bluestem, Indian ricegrass, bluebunch wheatgrass, sand bluestem, forbs and shrubs.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Yetull soils are of moderate extent east of the mountains in Montana. These are also in the states of Colorado, North Dakota and Wyoming.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cascade County, Montana, 1969.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - from the soil surface to 7 inches, mixed (A, C1 horizons); particle-size control section - from 10 to 40 inches (C1, C2, C3 horizons).
Soil interpretation records: MT0068, MT0818.