LOCATION YORKSHIRE NYEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Aquic Fragiudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Yorkshire channery silt loam, in a cropped field on a 10 percent slope. (Colors are for moist soil).
Ap-- 0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) channery silt loam; moderate fine and medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 20 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 10 inches thick.)
Bw1-- 8 to 13 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) channery silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; common fine roots; 20 percent rock fragments; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bw2-- 13 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) channery silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; 20 percent rock fragments; common medium distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) areas of iron depletion and brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 6 to 14 inches thick.)
E-- 17 to 19 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) channery loam; weak thin platy structure; friable; 15 percent rock fragments; common medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) areas of iron depletion in the matrix; strongly acid; abrupt irregular boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick.)
Btx1-- 19 to 31 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) channery silt loam; very coarse prismatic structure that parts to medium subangular blocky; firm, brittle; prisms are 16 to 28 inches across; gray (10YR 5/1) faces of prisms and brown (7.5YR 4/4) borders; streaks are 1/4 inch to 1-1/2 inches wide; common patchy brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on all faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) manganese concretions; 25 percent rock fragments; common medium distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) areas of iron depletion and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Btx2-- 31 to 56 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) channery silty clay loam; very coarse prismatic structure that parts to medium subangular blocky; firm, brittle; prism faces are gray (10YR 5/1) with brown (7.5YR 4/4) borders; common brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on all faces of peds and brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on surfaces along tubular pores; distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) manganese concretions; 20 percent rock fragments; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) areas of iron depletion in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btx horizons is 12 to 38 inches.)
C-- 56 to 72 inches; olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) channery silt loam; massive; firm; few faint patchy grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on surfaces along pores; 30 percent rock fragments; common medium faint yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Cattaraugus County, New York; town of Ischua, 50 feet east of Union Road, 200 feet south of Union road and Yankee Hill Road at an elevation of 1950 feet. USDA Cuba, NY topographic quadrangle; Latitude 42 degrees, 14 minutes, 56 seconds N. and Longitude 78 degrees, 21 minutes, 29 seconds W., NAD 1927.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Thickness of the solum is greater than 30 inches. Depth to bedrock is more than 60 inches. The fragipan horizon starts at a depth of 16 to 30 inches. Rock fragments, dominantly channers and flagstones, range from 5 to 35 percent by volume in the surface layer and upper part of the subsoil, from 15 to 40 percent in the lower part of the subsoil, and from 20 to 60 percent in the substratum. The average, by volume, is less than 35 percent in the control section.
The A or Ap horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 1 through 4. Texture is silt loam or silty clay loam in the fine earth fraction. It has weak or moderate, fine or medium granular or subangular blocky structure and very friable or friable consistence. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid. Thickness of the A horizon ranges from 2 to 5 inches.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 3 through 6. Depth to redoximorphic depletions with chroma of 2 or less and iron accumulations is 8 to 16 inches. Texture is silt loam, loam or silty clay loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky or granular. Consistence is very friable or friable. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 2.5Y, value of 5 or 6, and chroma of 2 through 4. Texture is silt loam or loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is weak or moderate subangular blocky or platy structure. Consistence is very friable or friable. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid.
The Btx horizon has hue of 7.5YR through 5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 3 through 5, with low and high chroma redoximorphic features. Texture is silt loam, loam, silty clay loam or clay loam in the fine earth fraction. Structure is prismatic and/or blocky. Some subhorizons have weak platy structure. Consistence is firm or very firm, and brittle or slightly brittle. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
Some pedons have a BC horizon that has color similar to the Btx horizon and texture similar to the C horizon. Structure is prismatic or platy, or the material is massive. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The C horizon, where present, has hue of 5YR through 5Y, value of 3 through 6, and chroma of 2 through 6. Fine earth texture is loam, silt loam, silty clay loam or clay loam. Some subhorizons are silty clay. The material is massive. Consistence is firm or very firm. Reaction is strongly acid to neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: The Yorkshire series is the only series in this family.
Similar series in related families are the Bath, Lewbath, Lewbeach, Mardin, Onoville, Willdin and Willowemoc series. Bath and Mardin soils lack argillic horizons and have mesic temperature regimes. Lewbath, Lewbeach, Willdin and Willowemoc soils do not have argillic horizons. Onoville soils have an argillic horizon above the fragipan and have lower base saturation in the argillic horizon. Onoville soils formed in colluvium derived from weathered residuum.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Yorkshire soils are gently sloping to steep soils on upland hilltops, ridges and valley sides. Slope ranges from 3 to 35 percent. The soils formed in Illinoian or early Wisconsin age till derived from siltstone, shale and fine-grained sandstone. Mean annual temperature ranges from 41 to 46 degrees F., mean annual precipitation ranges from 30 to 45 inches, and the mean annual frost-free season ranges from 90 to 120 days. These soils are at elevations of 1800 to 2400 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The Yorkshire soils are the moderately well drained member of a drainage sequence that includes the somewhat poorly drained Napoli soils. The Almond, Ischua, Mardin, Schuyler, Salamanca, and Volusia soils are on nearby landscapes. Almond and Salamanca soils are in areas that lack argillic and fragipan horizons. Ischua soils are present where bedrock is 20 to 40 inches below the soil surface. The competing Mardin, and Schuyler and Volusia soils are at lower elevation.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. The potential for surface runoff is medium to high. Permeability is moderate in the surface layer and upper part of the subsoil, and moderately slow or slow in the fragipan and substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most gently sloping and sloping areas have been cleared and used for hay and pasture with some corn and small grains. Abandoned idle land is in second growth hardwoods. Native vegetation is mixed hardwoods of red and white oaks, sugar maple, black cherry, beech and eastern white pine.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Glaciated Appalachian Plateau of New York and possibly Pennsylvania. MLRA 140. The series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Amherst, Massachusetts
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Cattaraugus County, New York 2002.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in the typical pedon are:
(1) Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to 8 inches. (Ap horizon).
(2) Argillic horizon - the zone from 19 to 56 inches (Btx horizons).
(3) Fragipan - the zone from 19 to 56 inches (Btx1 and Btx2 horizons).
(4) Aquic subgroup - as evidenced by iron depletions within 16 inches of the surface. (Bw2 horizon).