LOCATION YOUD CAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, superactive, thermic, shallow Entic Durixerepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Youd fine sandy loam, on a slope of less than 1 percent under cotton at 259 feet elevation. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated. When described on 11/1/78 the soil was slightly moist below 9 inches and was dry above.)
Ap--0 to 10 inches; pale yellow (5Y 7/3) fine sandy loam, olive (5Y 5/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine interstitial and common very fine tubular pores; slightly effervescent, carbonates segregated in common fine soft masses; electrical conductivity 24 decisiemens per meter; sodium adsorption ratio 57; moderately acid (pH 5.6); abrupt wavy boundary. (8 to 20 inches thick)
Bqm--10 to 26 inches; pale yellow (5Y 7/3) moderately silica cemented duripan, olive (5Y 5/3) moist; massive; extremely hard; extremely firm; many very fine and fine continuous random tubular pores; many thick clay films in pores; common fine distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) redoximorphic masses of iron accumulation, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; slightly effervescent, carbonates segregated in few fine concretions; abrupt wavy boundary. (12 to 40 inches thick)
2C1--26 to 34 inches; pale yellow (2.5Y 7/4) very fine sandy loam, olive brown (2.5Y 4/4) moist; massive; slightly hard, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; many very fine interstitial pores; common fine distinct brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) relict redoximorphic masses of iron accumulations, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist; electrical conductivity 0.9 decisiemens per meter; sodium adsorption ratio 4; neutral (pH 6.6); abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 14 inches thick)
3C2--34 to 60 inches; light gray (2.5Y 7/2) sand, grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) moist; massive; slightly hard, loose; many very fine interstitial pores; electrical conductivity 0.6 decisiemens per meter; sodium adsorption ratio 9; neutral (pH 6.8).
TYPE LOCATION: Kings County, California; about 50 feet south and 30 feet east of the intersection of Flint and 4th Avenues; about 50 feet south and 30 feet east of the northwest corner of section 18, T. 18 S., R. 23 E., MDB&M; Latitude 36 degrees, 22 minutes, 19 seconds north and Longitude 119 degrees, 31 minutes, 40 seconds west; USGS Remnoy Quadrangle.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to a duripan ranges from 8 to 20 inches. The mean annual soil temperature ranges from 64 degrees to 65 degrees F. The soil between depths of 8 inches and the duripan is dry in all parts from April 1 until December 1 and is usually not moist in some or all parts for as long as 90 consecutive days.
The A horizon has dry color of 5Y 7/2, 7/3, 6/2; 2.5Y 7/2, 6/2; 10YR 7/3 or 7/4 and moist color of 5Y 5/2, 5/3; 2.5Y 5/2, 4/2; 10YR 5/3 or 5/4. It is fine sandy loam or loam and averages 12 to 18 percent clay. It is moderately acid to moderately alkaline.
The duripan has dry color of 5Y 7/3, 7/2, 7/1; 10YR 6/4, 7/2, 7/4 and moist color of 5Y 6/2, 5/2, 5/3; 10YR 4/4, 4/6; 2.5Y 4/4. Relict redoximorphic masses of iron accumulations are few or common and have moist color of 10YR 5/4, 4/3 or 7.5YR 3/2.
The C or B horizon, below the duripan, has dry color of 2.5Y 7/2, 7/4, 6/2, 6/4 or 10YR 7/4 and moist color of 2.5Y 6/2, 5/2, 4/4 or 10YR 5/4. Relict redoximorphic masses of iron accumulations are few or common and have moist color of 10YR 5/6 or 7.5YR 5/6, and are lacking in some pedons. Textures range from sand to silt loam. In some pedons carbonates are disseminated and/or segregated as filaments or soft masses. In some pedons there is weak silica cementation in part or all of the layers underlying the duripan. Reaction ranges from neutral to strongly alkaline. The C or B below the duripan horizon is saline-sodic in some pedons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are no other soils in this family.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Youd soils are on flood plains and terraces at elevations of 220 to 300 feet. They formed in alluvium weathered dominantly from granitic sources with some influence from sedimentary rock sources. The climate is arid, and has hot, dry summers and cool, somewhat moist winters. The mean annual precipitation is 7 to 8 inches. The mean January temperature is 45 degrees F. Mean July temperature is 81 degrees F.; and mean annual temperature is 62 to 65 degrees F. The frost-free season is 250 to 275 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Excelsior, Kimberlina, Melga, Nord, Remnoy and Wasco soils. Excelsior, Kimberlina, Nord and Wasco soils lack a duripan. Melga and Remnoy soils have a natric horizon.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained, drainage is altered due to the presence of dams and reservoirs in the Sierra Nevada, the filling and leveling of sloughs in the vicinity, and upstream canals and levees; low or medium runoff; moderately slow permeability above the duripan and slow or very slow in the duripan. The frequency of flooding is rare and the duration of flooding is 2 to 7 days, or is none in areas that are completely protected by upstream diversions of water by dams, canals and levees.
USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is used for irrigated cropland to grow cotton, barley and irrigated pastureland after reclamation procedures are begun. The natural vegetation is annual grasses and forbs. Some areas are used for livestock grazing and building site development.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Middle of the San Joaquin Valley near creek drainages from the Sierra Nevada. The soils of this series are of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Kings County, California, 1980.
REMARKS: The moderately acid pH on the Ap horizon may be partially due to large applications of sulfur and gypsum over a period of years. These soils are not dry for 3/4 of the time and do not have indurated laminar plates or caps. Type location symbol for the Youd series, located on the Remnoy Quadrangle in the Kings County Soil Survey, should be closer to the Intersection of Flint and 4th Avenues.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - 0 to 10 inches (Ap horizon).
Duripan - layer from 10 to 26 inches (Bqm horizon).
Particle-size control section - 0 to 10 inches (Ap horizon).
Entic feature - duripan not indurated in any part (Bqm horizon).