LOCATION ZATOVILLE          MT
Established Series
Rev. GFB-DRS-JAL
10/98

ZATOVILLE SERIES


The Zatoville series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in residuum or alluvium derived from semiconsolidated shale. These soils are on alluvial fans, stream terraces, and sedimentary plains. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 10 inches, and mean annual air temperature is about 43 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, frigid Torrertic Haplustepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Zatoville silty clay loam, in grassland (colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted).

A--0 to 3 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; slightly hard, friable, sticky and plastic; common very fine roots and few fine roots; many very fine pores; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (3 to 4 inches thick)

Bw--3 to 12 inches; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine pores; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline (pH 7.8); clear smooth boundary. (7 to 11 inches thick)

Bk--12 to 21 inches; pale brown (10YR 6/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky hard, firm, sticky and plastic; common very fine roots; many very fine pores; few fine masses of lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)

By--21 to 46 inches; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; weak coarse prismatic structure; very hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine roots; common very fine pores; few yellow (10YR 7/6) iron stains; common fine soft masses of gypsum; disseminated lime; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); abrupt smooth boundary. (21 to 28 inches thick)

BC--46 to 52 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; massive; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few very fine roots few very fine pores; common reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) iron stains; moderately acid (pH 6.0); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 24 inches thick)

Cr--52 to 60 inches; gray (10YR 5/1) semiconsolidated shale that crushes to silty clay loam; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; very hard, very firm, sticky and plastic; few primary gypsum crystals; very strongly acid (pH 4.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Rosebud County, Montana; 1,800 feet west and 400 feet north of the SE corner of sec. 5 T. 11 N., R. 38 E.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:

Soil temperature - 43 to 47 degrees F.

Moisture control section - between 4 and 12 inches, dry in all parts of the moisture control section between four-tenths and five-tenths of the cumulative days per year when the soil temperature at a depth of 20 inches is 41 degrees F or higher.

Depth to By horizon - 13 to 24 inches.

Depth to shale - 40 to 60 inches.

Some pedons have a Byz horizon below the Bk horizon.

Soil phases - moderately wet with a water table between 3 and 5 feet; loamy substratum. These two phases will be correlated as new series when next used. The phase information is identified only on the SOI-5 for each phase and is not carried as part of the reclassification of this series.

A horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y

Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist

Chroma: 2 or 3

Clay content: 30 to 45 percent

EC: 0 to 4 mmhos/cm

Reaction: pH 7.4 to 9.0

Bw horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y

Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist

Chroma: 2 or 3

Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay

Clay content: 30 to 45 percent

EC: 0 to 4 mmhos/cm

Reaction: pH 7.4 to 9.0

Bk horizon - Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y

Value: 5 or 6 dry, 4 or 5 moist

Chroma: 2 or 3

Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay

Clay content: 35 to 45 percent

Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 15 percent

EC: 4 to 8 mmhos/cm

SAR: 0 to 13

Reaction: pH 7.9 to 9.0

By horizon - Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value: 5, 6, or 7 dry; 4 or 5 moist

Chroma: 2 or 3

Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay

Clay content: 30 to 45 percent

EC: 8 to 16 mmhos/cm

SAR: 8 to 30

Gypsum: 10 to 20

Reaction: pH 7.9 to 9.0

BC horizon - Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y

Value: 4, 5, 6, or 7 dry; 3, 4, or 5 moist

Chroma: 0, 1, or 2

Texture: silty clay loam, loam, or silty clay

Clay content: 35 to 50 percent

EC: 8 to 30 mmhos/cm

SAR: > 13

Gypsum: 1 to 5 percent

Reaction: pH 5.6 to 9.0

COMPETING SERIES:

Brunelda (MT) - does not have a paralithic contact above a depth of 60 inches.

Kobase (MT) - does not have a paralithic contact above a depth of 60 inches.

Megonot (MT) - does not have a gypsic horizon.

Nunemaker (MT) - does not have a paralithic contact above a depth of 60 inches.

Teigen (MT) - does not have a paralithic contact above a depth of 60 inches.

Welter (MT) - has an E horizon, does not have a gypsic horizon.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:

Landform - sedimentary plains; alluvial fans; stream terraces.

Elevations - 2,200 to 3,200 feet.

Slopes- 0 to 8 percent.

Parent material - residuum or alluvium derived from semiconsolidated shale.

Climate - cold, dry winters; moist springs; warm summers.

Mean annual precipitation - 10 to 14 inches.

Mean annual temperature - 41 to 45 degrees F.

Frost-free period - 110 to 135 days.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow permeability.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used mainly as rangeland. The potential native vegetation is mainly western wheatgrass, thickspike wheatgrass, green needlegrass, and Nuttall saltbush.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Zatoville soils are of moderate extent in southeastern Montana.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Rosebud County, Montana, 1985.

REMARKS: Soil interpretation records: MT0798.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - from the soil surface to 7 inches (A, Bw horizons); cambic horizon - from 3 to 12 inches (Bw horizon); accumulation of lime - from 12 to 21 inches (Bk horizon); gypsic horizon - from 21 to 46 inches (By horizon); particle size control section - from 10 to 40 inches (Bw, Bk, By horizons). Zatoville soils have a frigid temperature regime and an ustic moisture regime that borders on aridic.

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: Laboratory data S79MT-087-543.


National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.