LOCATION ZITTAU WI

Established Series
Rev. HFG-AAC
05/2016

ZITTAU SERIES

The Zittau series consists of very deep somewhat poorly drained soils which are moderately deep to sand. They formed primarily in clayey deposits overlying sandy deposits on glacial lake basins and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 686 mm (27 inches). Mean annual air temperature is about 7.8 degrees C (46 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, active, mesic Aquollic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Zittau silty clay loam - on a concave slope in a cultivated field cropped to corn at an elevation of about 227 meters (745 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 18 cm (0 to 7 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silty clay loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]

E--18 to 23 cm (7 to 9 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay; many fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) mottles; weak thin platy structure; firm; common fine roots; neutral; abrupt broken boundary. [0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches) thick]

Bt1--23 to 36 cm (9 to 14 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; moderate fine angular and subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; many fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common fine faint brown (7.5YR 5/2) and many coarse faint brown (7.5YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bt2--36 to 51 cm (14 to 20 inches); reddish brown (5YR 4/3) clay; moderate medium angular and subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; common medium faint brown (7.5YR 5/2) and many coarse faint brown (7.5YR 4/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--51 to 66 cm (20 to 26 inches); reddish brown (5YR 5/3) clay; moderate fine prismatic structure; firm; few fine roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; common distinct dark gray (10YR 4/1) stains on faces of prisms; many medium prominent olive gray (5Y 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; strongly effervescent in areas of calcium carbonate accumulations; slightly alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Bt4--66 to 84 cm (26 to 33 inches); reddish brown (5YR 5/3) clay; moderate medium prismatic structure; firm; few fine roots, many on faces of prisms; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; common distinct brown (7.5YR 4/2) stains on faces of peds; many coarse prominent greenish gray (5GY 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; violently effervescent in areas of calcium carbonate accumulations; moderately alkaline; abrupt smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizons ranges from 25 to 84 cm (10 to 33 inches).]

2C--84 to 152 cm (33 to 60 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; many coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Winnebago County, Wisconsin; about 3 miles northeast of Omro; 2540 feet south and 2200 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 3, T. 18 N., R. 15 E. USGS Omro, Wisconsin Topographic quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 03 minutes 46 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 41 minutes 31 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Depth to sand: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
The upper part of the particle-size control section: averages 35 to 85 percent clay, less than 10 percent fine sand or coarser; the lower part of the particle-size control section more than 85 percent sand
Rock fragments: absent in the clayey deposit, typically absent in the sandy deposit but ranges to as much as 15 percent by volume in some pedons
Carbonates: commonly in the lower part of the B horizon and as shallow as 38 cm (15 inches) in some pedons
Reaction: moderately acid to moderately alkaline in the clayey deposit, neutral to moderately alkaline in the sandy deposit
Redox accumulations: throughout the soil below the Ap horizon; saturation and redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less within the upper 25 cm (10 inches) of the argillic horizon for some time in most years

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
value: 2 or 3
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silty clay loam or clay

E horizon: (when is present)
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 3
Texture: silt loam, silty clay loam, silty clay or clay

Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: dominantly silty clay or clay, thin subhorizons of silty clay loam in some pedons
Other features:
In some pedons, the lower part of the Bt horizon has hue of 2.5Y, 5Y, or 5GY; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 1 to 4.

BC horizon: (When is present)
Hue: 5YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silty clay, clay loam or clay

2C horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 8
Texture: fine sand, sand or loamy sand

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series. Other series in closely related families are Borth, Briggsville, Manawa, and Poy. Borth soils are Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs. Briggsville and Manawa soils do not have strongly contrasting particle-size class. Poy soils Typic Endoaquolls.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Zittau soils are on glacial lake basins and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 0 to 3 percent. These soils formed in water laid clayey deposits overlying sandy deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 635 to 889 mm (25 to 35 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges from 6.7 to 8.9 degrees C (44 to 48 degrees F).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Borth, Manawa, and Poy series. The Borth and Poy soils form a drainage sequence with the Zittau soils. The well drained and moderately well drained Borth soils occupy higher-lying positions in the landscape. The poorly drained Poy soils occupy the nearby depressional areas. The poorly drained Manawa soils are also in nearby depressional areas but lack sand in the substratum.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. The potential for surface runoff is low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately low to moderately high (0.42 to 1.41 micrometers per second) in the clayey deposit and high to very high (42.34 to 141.14 micrometers per second) in the sandy deposit. Permeability is slow in the clayey deposit and rapid in the sandy deposits. These soil have an apparent seasonal high water table at a depth of 15 to 61 cm (0.5 to 2 feet) for some time in most years.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland. Corn, oats, and hay are the principal crops. A small acreage is used for pastureland or woodland. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 95A, and 95B in east-central Wisconsin. These soils are moderately extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Green Lake, County, Wisconsin, 1974.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches) (Ap, E ); argillic horizon - 23 to 66 cm (9 to 26 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4 ); mollic subgroup Ap horizon with value, moist, of less than 4 and value, dry, of less than 6; aquic feature redox depletions with chroma of 2 or less and saturation in the upper 25 cm (10 inches) of the argillic horizon.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.