LOCATION ZILLION UT+CO

Established Series
Rev. GBT/KDS/JWB
04/2011

ZILLION SERIES

The Zillion series consists of very deep, well drained soils that formed in alluvium and colluvium derived from basic and intermediate igneous rocks, limestone, and sandstone. Zillion soils are on dissected fan terraces and mountains. Slopes range from 5 to 65 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 15 inches (38 cm) and the mean annual temperature is about 43 degrees F (6.1 degrees C).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, frigid Pachic Argiustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Zillion very cobbly loam in rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A--0 to 5 inches (0 to 13 cm); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) very cobbly loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak thin platy structure parting to weak fine granular; soft, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and few medium roots; few fine pores; 20 percent pebbles, 20 percent cobbles, 1 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.2); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 20 inches (10 to 51 cm) thick)

BAt--5 to 9 inches (13 to 23 cm); dark brown (10YR 3/3) gravelly clay loam, very dark brown (10YR 2/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common fine and medium roots; few fine pores; few faint clay films; 15 percent pebbles, 5 percent cobbles, 1 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.3); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 4 inches (0 to 10 cm) thick)

Bt1--9 to 13 inches (23 to 33 cm); brown (7.5YR 4/3) very gravelly clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate fine angular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few fine and medium roots; few fine pores; many faint clay films; 30 percent pebbles, 10 percent cobbles, 1 percent stones; neutral (pH 7.0); clear smooth boundary. (4 to 11 inches (10 to 28 cm) thick)

Bt2--13 to 20 inches (33 to 51 cm); brown (7.5YR 4/3) very gravelly clay loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium angular blocky structure; hard, firm, sticky and plastic; few fine and medium roots; few fine pores; many faint clay films; 30 percent pebbles, 10 percent cobbles, 1 percent stones; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); clear smooth boundary. (7 to 13 inches (18 to 33 cm) thick)

Bk1--20 to 30 inches (51 to 76 cm); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) very cobbly loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine and medium roots; few fine pores; 30 percent pebbles, 20 percent cobbles; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear smooth boundary. (0 to 10 inches (0 to 25 cm) thick)

Bk2--30 to 37 inches (76 to 94 cm); white (10YR 8/1) very gravelly sandy loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; massive; weakly to strongly cemented, very friable; nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; few fine pores; 40 percent pebbles, 15 percent cobbles, 2 percent stones; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary. (7 to 19 inches (18 to 48 cm) thick)

Bk3--37 to 49 inches (94 to 124 cm); white (10YR 8/1) very gravelly sandy loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) moist; massive; weakly to strongly cemented, very friable; nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine pores; 40 percent pebbles, 15 percent cobbles, 2 percent stones; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); gradual wavy boundary. (5 to 12 inches (13 to 30 cm) thick)

C--49 to 60 inches (124 to 152 cm); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) very gravelly sandy loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable; nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine pores; 40 percent pebbles, 15 percent cobbles, 1 percent stones; strongly effervescent; strongly alkaline (pH 8.5).

TYPE LOCATION: Garfield County, Utah; about 5.5 miles (8.9 km) north and 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Bear Valley Junction; located about 1,000 feet (305 m) south and 2,000 feet (610 m) west of the northeast corner of sec. 8, T. 32 S., R. 5 W.; Fremont Pass USGS quad; lat. 38 degrees 02 minutes 51 seconds N. and long. 112 degrees 26 minutes 14 seconds W., NAD 83

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is dry in parts for 60 to 75 days during the winter months, but is moist for 50 to 55 percent of the time when the soil temperature at depth of 20 inches (51 cm) is more than 41 degrees F (5 degrees C); Ustic moisture regime.
Mean annual soil temperature: 42 to 46 degrees F (5.6 to 7.8 degrees C)
Mean annual summer soil temperature: 59 to 63 degrees F (15.0 to 17.2 degrees C)
Depth to argillic horizon: 4 to 20 inches (10 to 51 cm)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 16 to 35 inches (41 to 89 cm) Thickness of the Mollic epipedon: 16 to 30 inches (41 to 76 cm)
Depth to the calcic horizon: 20 to 35 inches (51 to 89 cm).

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent dominantly pebbles and cobbles

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 2 or 3
Rock fragments: 5 to 50 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline

BAt and Bt horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 to 4 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Texture: L, SCL, or CL modified by 35 to 75 percent pebbles, cobbles, and stones
Clay content: 20 to 35 percent
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent
Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline

Bk and C horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 3 to 7 moist
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: S, SL, SCL, or L, modified by 35 to 75 percent pebbles, cobbles, and stones
Rock fragments: 35 to 75 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 40 percent for the Bk horizons
Reaction: moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Adellern, Braziel, Fessler, Mapache, Pastorious, and Pastorpeak series.
Adellern, Braziel, Fessler, Mapache and Pastorious: do not have a calcic horizon
Pastorpeak: the base of the argillic horizon is 60 inches (152 cm) or greater.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: alluvium and colluvium derived from basic and intermediate igneous rocks, limestone, and sandstone
Landform: dissected fan terraces and mountains
Slopes: 5 to 65 percent
Elevation: 7,000 to 9,100 feet (2,134 to 2,774 m)
Mean annual air temperature: 38 to 45 degrees F (3.3 to 7.2 degrees C)
Mean annual precipitation: 14 to 18 inches (356 to 457 mm)
Precipitation pattern: precipitation is relatively evenly distributed throughout the year
Frost-free period: 50 to 100 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Dalcan and Tolman series. The Dalcan soils have smectitic mineralogy. The Tolman soils have a mollic epipedon less than 16 inches (41 cm) thick and have bedrock at a depth less than 20 inches (51 cm).

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, moderate to high runoff, moderate to moderately slow permeability; Ksat is moderately high to high.

USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used for rangeland and wildlife habitat. The potential native vegetation is black sagebrush, bluegrass, mountain big sagebrush, blue grama, and squirreltail.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Utah and northwestern Colorado; LRR E, MLRA 47; this series is of small extent (7779 acres).

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Garfield County, Utah, Panguitch soil survey area, 1984.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: The zone from 5 to 20 inches (13 to 51 cm). (BAt, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons)
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 30 inches (0 to 76 cm). (A, BAt, Bt1, Bt2, and Bk1 horizons)
Argillic horizon: The zone from 5 to 20 inches (13 to 51 cm). (BAt, Bt1, and Bt2 horizons)
Calcic horizon: The zone from 20 to 49 inches (51 to 124 cm). (Bk1, Bk2, and Bk3 horizons). The calcic horizon is absent in some pedons.
The C horizon is absent in some pedons.
Other features: Pachic feature - mollic epipedon 16 inches (41 cm) or more thick

The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.

Previously classified loamy-skeletal, mixed, Pachic Argiustolls prior to 1998 Keys.

Classification: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Eleventh Edition, 2010.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.