LOCATION ANED                    NV+UT

Established Series
Rev. HJB/BKP/JBF
12/2019

ANED SERIES

The Aned series consists of shallow to a duripan, well drained soils that formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff and mixed lacustrine deposits. Aned soils are on fan remnants. Slopes are 0 to 8 percent. The mean annual precipitation is 275 mm and the mean annual temperature is about 8 degrees C.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic, shallow Argidic Durixerolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Aned sandy loam--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.)

A1--0 to 5 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) sandy loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) when moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few very fine roots; common very fine vesicular pores; neutral (pH 7.1); abrupt smooth boundary.

A2--5 to 10 cm; grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) when moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; common very fine roots; few fine vesicular and many very fine interstitial pores; neutral (pH 7.1); about smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of A horizons is 8 to 20 cm thick)

Bt1--10 to 15 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/2) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/2) when moist; weak, medium prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; common very fine and few fine roots; common fine tubular and interstitial pores; few faint clay films on faces of peds and common faint clay films lining pores; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary.

Bt2--15 to 41 cm; brown (7.5YR 5/4) clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; moderate medium prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine, and common medium and coarse roots; common fine tubular and many very fine interstitial pores; common faint clay films on faces of peds and many faint clay films lining pores; neutral (pH 6.8); clear wavy boundary.

Bt3--41 to 46 cm; light brown (7.5YR 6/4) sandy clay loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak, medium prismatic structure; hard, firm, moderately sticky and moderately plastic; few very fine and common medium roots; common fine tubular and many very fine interstitial pores; neutral (pH 6.8); abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Bt horizons is 28 to 42 cm thick)

Bqkm--46 to 81 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very thin (less than 2mm) continuous strongly silica cemented laminae; very pale brown (10YR 8/2) and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) discontinuous lenses of weakly to strongly calcium carbonate cementation alternating with discontinuous lenses of yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) gravelly loamy sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) when moist; massive; extremely hard, hard and slightly hard, extremely firm, very firm and friable; common very fine and few fine roots matted on the surface of the upper laminae; laminae interior are noneffervescent while the remainder of the horizon is violently effervescent, the weakly lime cemented sub-horizons contain many very pale brown (10YR 8/2) carbonate coats on rock fragments and as bridges between some sand grains; 20 percent gravel; strongly alkaline (pH 8.6).

TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Nevada; about 200 feet west of the apparent center of section 31, T. 2 S., R. 71 E.; USGS Uvada 7.5 minute topographic quadrangle; latitude 37 degrees 43 minutes 49.9 seconds N. and longitude 114 degrees 5 minutes 21.9 seconds W; WGS84 Decimal Degrees 37.7305278 latitude, -114.0894167 longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Usually moist in winter and spring, dry in summer and fall except intermittently moist for 10 to 20 days between July and September due to convection storms; aridic soil moisture regime that borders on xeric.
Mean annual soil temperature: 8 to 11 degrees C.
Mollic epipedon: 18 cm thick and up to 25 cm thick when mixed.
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 36 to 50 cm.
Depth to duripan: 36 to 50 cm.

Particle-size control section - Clay content: 27 to 35 percent.
Rock fragments: 5 to 15 percent. Lithology of rock fragments is welded tuff.

A horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 2 or 3 dry and moist.
Reaction: Neutral or slightly alkaline.
Mineralogy: 15 to 24 percent volcanic glass in the 0. 2 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.05 to 0.09 percent Al plus Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.

Bt horizons
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry, 3 or 4 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry and moist.
Texture: Sandy clay loam and clay loam.
Mineralogy: 15 to 24 percent volcanic glass in the 0. 2 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.05 to 0.09 percent Al plus Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.
Structure: Weak or moderate, fine or medium prismatic, or subangular blocky structure.
Reaction: Neutral through moderately alkaline.

Bkq horizon (when present)
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR.
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 or 4 dry and moist.
Texture: Fine sandy loam or loam.
Clay content: 18 to 27 percent.
Effervescence: Strongly effervescent or violently effervescent.
Calcium carbonate features: Thin sub horizons in some pedons contain weakly to moderately cemented 2 to 15 percent medium and coarse calcium carbonate masses throughout the matrix when present.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent with thin sub horizons in some pedons averaging 5 to 10 percent in the less than 2 mm fraction.
Clay features: Few thin clay films on faces of peds and lining pores in some pedons.
Mineralogy: 15 to 24 percent volcanic glass in the 0. 2 to 2 mm fraction and averages 0.05 to 0.09 percent Al plus Fe, extracted by ammonium oxalate.

Bqkm horizon
Value: 6 or 7 dry, 5 or 6 moist.
Chroma: 3 through 5 dry and moist.
Cementation: Weakly through strongly cemented lenses throughout.
Duripan features: Laminae thickness ranges from 5 to 20 mm thick. Cementation ranges from weakly through strongly cemented lenses throughout. Less cemented sub-horizons within the duripan are weakly cemented. Consistence: The weakly cemented sub-horizons are slightly hard through hard.
Texture of less cemented sub-horizons: sand, loamy sand, and sandy loam.
Rock fragments: 0 to 20 percent.
Clay content: 4 to 10 percent.

2Bqk horizon (when present)
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR.
Value: 5 or 6 dry and 4 or 5 moist.
Chroma: 3 through 6, dry and moist.
Texture: Fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, or loam.
Clay content: 8 to 18 percent.
Rock fragments: 35 to 55 percent. In some lower horizons rock fragments range from 15 to 35 percent.
Structure: Subangular blocky structure or massive.
Durinodes: 10 to 30 percent durinodes or a firm, brittle rupture resistance.
Secondary calcium carbonates: 5 to 15 percent dendritic threads on ped faces and throughout the matrix.
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 20 percent in the less than 2 mm fraction.
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline.

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Bluemass series. Bluemass soils have 10 to 18 percent clay and 15 to 35 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Aned soils are on fan remnants at elevations of 1,750 to 1,900 meters. Slope gradients are 0 to 8 percent. Aned soils formed in alluvium derived from welded tuff and mixed lacustrine deposits. The climate is cool continental, with a mean annual precipitation of 250 to 300 mm. The mean annual temperature is 7 to 11 degrees C and the frost free period is 100 to 130 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Decan, Fanu, and Newvil soils. Decan soils average 35 to 45 percent clay the particle-size control section. Fanu soils are very deep and have a cambic horizon between 23 and 53 cm. Newvil soils average 18 to 27 percent clay and 15 to 35 percent rock fragments in the particle-size control section.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; moderately slow permeability in the solum and very slow in the duripan; moderately high saturated hydraulic conductivity.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. The potential native vegetation is mainly Wyoming big sagebrush, Stansbury's cliffrose, Nevada ephedra, blue grama, galleta, and needleandthread with a minor component of singleleaf pinyon and Utah juniper.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Nevada and southwestern Utah. These soils are not extensive. MLRA 29 and 28A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Davis, California.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County (Meadow Valley Area), Nevada, 1971.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizon and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon - The zone from the surface to 18 cm (A1, A2, Bt1 horizons and part of Bt2 horizon, when mixed).
Argillic horizon - The zone from 10 to 46 cm (Bt1, Bt2 and Bt3 horizons).
Duripan - The zone from 46 to 81 cm (Bqkm horizon).
Particle-size control section - The zone from 10 to 46 cm (Bt1, Bt2 and Bt3 horizons).

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.