LOCATION BADEN MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, frigid Typic Endoaquepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Baden muck with a concave slope of 1 percent on a lake washed till plain under mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. Elevation of about 391 meters.(Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Oa--0 to 5 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) muck (sapric material); massive; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 5 centimeters thick)
A--5 to 15 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) mucky silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; common medium roots and many fine and very fine roots; about 4 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 10 centimeters thick)
Eg--15 to 33 centimeters; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine platy structure parting to weak very fine subangular blocky; very friable; common fine and medium roots; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations and few fine distinct grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) Fe depletions; about 3 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 25 centimeters thick)
Bg--33 to 51 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) silt loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine and medium roots; common fine and medium distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) and prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; about 6 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 71 centimeters thick)
2Bw1--51 to 76 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine and medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Fe concentrations and common fine prominent dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) Fe depletions; about 8 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bw2--76 to 114 centimeters; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common fine and medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations and common fine prominent dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) depletions; about 8 percent gravel; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the 2Bw horizons is 0 to 75 centimeters)
2C--114 to 203 centimeters; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam; massive; firm; common medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations and common medium prominent brown (7.5YR 5/2) Fe depletions; about 8 percent gravel; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 88-Northern Minnesota Glacial Lake Basins; St. Louis County (Meadowlands Part), Minnesota; about 2 miles south and 3 miles west of Floodwood; located about 200 feet east and 350 feet south of the northwest corner, section 23, T. 51 N., R. 21 W.; USGS Floodwood Minnesota, Quadrangle, latitude 46 degrees 53 minutes 44 seconds N. and longitude 92 degrees 58 minutes 25 seconds W., NAD 27.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to free carbonates--152 to greater than 203 centimeters
Thickness of the loamy mantle of glaciolacustrine or glaciofluvial deposits--38 to 76 centimeters
Rock fragment content--total 1 to 10 percent; with 1 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 2 percent cobbles and 0 to 1 percent stones, mixed lithology
Clay content of the loamy mantle (weighted average)--less than 18 percent
Clay content of the underlying till--20 to 35 percent
Sand content of the underlying till--less than 45 percent
Oa or Oe horizon (where present):
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 to 3
Texture--muck or mucky peat
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid
A horizon (where present):
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y or is neutral
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 to 2
Texture--mucky silt loam, mucky loam, loam, silt loam or very fine sandy loam
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid
Eg horizon (where present):
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam or loam
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid
Bg horizon (where present):
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--1 to 6
Texture--silt loam or loam but includes silty clay loam or clay loam
Reaction--very strongly acid to moderately acid
Some pedons have Bw horizons.
Subhorizons of sandy material are at the contact between the loamy mantle and the till in some pedons.
2Bw horizon:
Hue--5YR but ranges from 2.5YR to 7.5YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 through 4
Texture--loam or clay loam
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Some pedons have 2BC horizons.
2C horizon:
Hue--5YR but ranges from 2.5YR to 7.5YR
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--clay loam or loam
Reaction--slightly acid to slightly alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy glaciolacustrine or glaciofluvial deposits over loamy till
Landform--linear and concave slopes in drainageways, shallow depressions and on edges of bogs and swamps, on lake washed till plains, till plains and moraines
Slope--0 to 2 percent
Mean annual air temperature ranges--3 to 5 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--500 to 762 millimeters
Frost-free period--90 to 145 days
Elevation above sea level--275 to 595 meters
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Near the type location, these are the
Dusler,
Ellsburg,
Hellwig,
Melrude, and
Schisler soils.
Dusler--are on higher lying or more sloping positions on the landscape and have an argillic horizon
Ellsburg--are on slightly higher lying positions on the landscape and have an argillic horizon
Hellwig--are on slightly higher lying positions on the landscape and have an argillic horizon
Melrude--are on slightly higher lying positions on the landscape and have a clay content that averages less than 18 percent in the particle-size control section
Schisler--are on slightly higher lying positions on the landscape and have an argillic horizon
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--very poorly drained--these soils have seasonal high saturation at the surface during spring and fall in normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second (moderately high) in the loamy mantle and 0.10 to 1.00 micrometers per second (moderately low) in the underlying till
Ponding--following periods of heavy rainfall
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are forested. Overstory vegetation includes tamarack, white cedar, black ash, willow and tag alder.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Divisions--Interior Plains or Laurentian Upland
Physiographic Provinces--Central Lowland or Superior Upland
Physiographic sections--Western Lake section (if in the Central Lowland Province) or undefined (if in the Superior Upland Province)
MLRAs--Northern Minnesota Glacial Lake Basins (88) and Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part (90A)
LRR K; Northeastern Minnesota.
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Louis County, Minnesota, 2007.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters
Series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from 0 to 15 centimeters (Oa and A);
cambic horizon--the zone from 15 to 114 centimeters (Bg, 2Bw1, and 2Bw2 horizons);
Aquic moisture condition based on prolonged saturation to the surface and low chroma colors immediately below the ochric epipedon.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006