LOCATION DUSLER MN
Established Series
Rev. RRL-AGG
01/2011
DUSLER SERIES
The Dusler series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained soils that formed in loamy glacial till on till floored lake plains, and moraines. Permeability is moderate in the mantle and slow in the underlying material. Slopes range from 0 to 3 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 38 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation is about 28 inches.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Aquic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Dusler silt loam on a concave slope of 1 percent in a pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 4 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; strong fine granular and strong very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots; 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 7 inches thick)
E1--4 to 11 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine platy structure; very friable; many fine and very fine roots; many very fine continuous vertical pores; few fine iron and manganese oxide concretions; 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
E2--11 to 15 inches; gray (10YR 6/1) fine sandy loam, very pale brown (10YR 8/2) dry; weak fine and medium platy structure; very friable; common fine and very fine roots; many very fine continuous vertical pores; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; few fine iron and manganese oxide concretions; 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the E horizons is 3 to 12 inches)
E/B--15 to 22 inches; 65 percent reddish gray (5YR 5/2) sandy loam, pinkish white (5YR 8/2) dry (E); 35 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/3) loam, reddish brown (5YR 5/3) dry (B); moderate coarse platy structure; firm; slightly hard; brittle; few roots; few vesicular pores; common fine distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; 2 percent gravel; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (2 to 10 inches thick)
Bt1--22 to 37 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) loam; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to strong medium subangular blocky; firm; hard; few moderately thick dark gray (5YR 4/1) clay films on faces of prisms and in roots channels; common thin dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on horizontal and vertical faces of blocky peds; common fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; 2 percent gravel; moderately acid; diffuse smooth boundary.
Bt2--37 to 47 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; hard; moderately thick dark gray (5YR 4/1) clay films in root channels and few thin dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on vertical faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; diffuse smooth boundary.
Bt3--47 to 55 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; hard; moderately thick dark gray (5YR 4/1) clay films in root channels; few thin dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on vertical faces of peds; 2 percent gravel; slightly acid; diffuse smooth boundary. (combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 16 to 34 inches)
C--55 to 80 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) loam; massive; with weak medium plate-like soil fragments dissected by few 2 to 3 millimeter vertical fractures 1 to 5 feet apart; firm; 2 percent gravel; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Carlton County, Minnesota; 1,600 feet east and 1,700 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 5, T. 46 N., R. 19 W.; USGS Quadrangle Moose Lake, Minn.; Latitude 46 degrees 29 minutes 42 seconds, and Longitude 92 degrees 46 minutes 36 seconds.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness ranges from 36 to 60 inches. Depth to free carbonates ranges from 42 to 80 inches. The rock fragment content by volume is 1 to 10 percent with 1 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 2 percent cobbles and 0 to 1 percent stones. The rock fragments are of mixed lithology, but are mostly of igneous origin. Mean annual soil temperature ranges from 38 to 45 degrees F.
Some pedons have an Oa or Oe horizon as much as 2 inches thick.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam. It has 20 to 50 percent fine sand or coarser and 5 to 20 percent clay. It is very strongly acid or moderately acid.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR to 10YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 1 or 2. The redder hue is only in the lower part and the lower value is only in the upper part. Subhorizon with moist value of 3 have dry value of more than 5. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, or silt loam. It has 20 to 50 percent fine sand or coarser and 5 to 20 percent clay. It is very strongly acid to moderately acid. The E horizon extends into the B horizon as tongues.
The glossic horizon consists of E/B or B/E or both. The E and Bt parts each occupy between 15 and 85 percent of the horizon. The E part has similar colors and textures given for the E horizon. The Bt part has similar colors and textures given in the Bt horizons. Some pedons have 2E/B or 2B/E horizons or both.
The Bt horizon has 2.5YR or 5YR hue, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It has distinct or prominent redoximorphic features in the upper part. It is loam or clay loam typically averaging between 20 to 45 percent fine sand or coarser and 20 to 35 percent clay. The B/A clay ratio ranges from 2 to 4. Clay films in the Bt horizon are thin to thick and common to many in the upper part grading to few and thin in the lower part. It is moderately acid or strongly acid in the upper part and slightly acid or neutral in the lower part. Some pedons have 2Bt horizons.
The C horizon has 2.5YR or 5YR hue with value and chroma of 3 or 4. It is loam or clay loam. It has 20 to 45 percent fine sand or coarser and 18 to 30 percent clay. It is neutral or slightly alkaline. Some pedons have 2C horizons.
COMPETING SERIES: These are in the
Freer,
Keewatin, and
Stuntz series. Freer soils have dense till (paralithic contact) with bulk density greater than 1.8 within the series control section. Keewatin and Stuntz soils have hue of 10YR or yellower throughout the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: These soils have plane or slightly convex slopes range from 0 to 3 percent on gently undulating to rolling moraines and till floored lake plains. They formed primarily in reddish brown, loam or clay loam glacial till of the Superior lobe of the late Wisconsin glaciation. A thin mantle of aeolian or water-deposited sediments overlies the till in some places. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 36 to 43 degrees F. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 26 to 30 inches. Frost-free days range from 90 to 145. Elevation above sea level ranges from 900 to 1600 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: The main ones are the
Baden (T),
Blackhoof,
Duluth,
Mahtowa, and
Ellsburg (T), series which are members of a drainage sequence with the Dusler soils and which formed in similar materials. The very poorly drained Baden soils are in concave swales and shallow depressions. The very poorly drained Blackhoff soils have a histic epipedon and have concave slopes. The well and moderately well drained Duluth soils have convex slopes and are on higher lying or more sloping terrain. The poorly drained Mahtowa and Ellsburg are on lower lying concave slopes. Organic soils also are common associates.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Surface runoff is low. Permeability is slow. The Dusler soils have an apparent water table from 1.5 to 2.5 feet at some time from April to June in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most of this soil is forested. A minor acreage is cropped to small grains and forage crops. Native vegetation was mixed deciduous-coniferous forest with elm, basswood, trembling aspen and balsam fir being dominant.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Minnesota and possibly northern Wisconsin. Inextensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Carlton County, Minnesota, 1973.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 22 inches (A, E and E/B horizons); albic horizon - the zone from 4 to 22 inches (E1, E2 and 2E/B horizons); glossic horizon - the zone from 15 to 22 inches (E/B horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 22 to 55 inches (Bt1, Bt2 and Bt3 horizons). Other features are: frigid temperature regime; aquic moisture regime based on water table and capillary saturation to the surface. Reddish colors of the parent material in the Bt and C horizons mask the low chroma of Fe depletions. A positive reaction to alpha-alpha-dipyridol is assumed. 1/18/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.
This series concept is currently under review for bulk density, soil moisture status and slope classes.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to Minnesota Ag. Exp. Station Central File Code numbers CFC 2643 and CFC 3133 for laboratory analysis of representative pedons. Soil Interpretation Record number is MN0160.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.