LOCATION BULLMAN                 WA

Established Series
Rev. EED/TDT
12/2010

BULLMAN SERIES

The Bullman series consists of moderately deep, well drained soils formed in colluvium and residuum from bedrock of siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate lithologies. Bullman soils are on summits and shoulders of hills and mountains. Slopes are 10 to 75 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 110 inches and the mean annual temperature is about 48 degrees F.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Medial, ferrihydritic, isomesic Typic Fulvudands

TYPICAL PEDON: Bullman medial silt loam, on a southwest facing slope of 20 percent at 170 feet elevation under coniferous forest vegetation. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)

Oi--0 to 5 inches; slightly decomposed plant material; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 5 inches thick)

A--5 to 8 inches; black (10YR 2/1) medial silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; many very fine, fine, and medium roots; common fine and few medium irregular pores; extremely acid (pH 4.3); clear wavy boundary. (2 to 4 inches thick)

Bw1--8 to 24 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) medial silt loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; common medium and coarse roots; common fine and few medium irregular pores; 5 percent gravel and 10 percent weakly cemented paragravel; very strongly acid (pH 4.9); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 25 inches thick)

Bw2--24 to 32 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/6) very paragravelly medial silt loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) dry; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, slightly sticky, slightly plastic; few medium and coarse roots; common fine and few medium irregular pores; 10 percent gravel, 40 percent weakly cemented paragravel, and 10 percent weakly cemented paracobbles; very strongly acid (pH 4.9); abrupt irregular boundary. (5 to 15 inches thick)

Cr--32 to 60 inches; weakly cemented siltstone.

TYPE LOCATION: Clallam County, Washington; Neah Bay, Washington USGS quadrangle; 48 degrees, 21 minutes, 54 seconds north latitude and 124 degrees, 35 minutes, 23 seconds west longitude.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depths to diagnostic horizons and features start from the mineral soil surface.

Mean annual soil temperature - 46 to 51 degrees F
Soil moisture control section - dry 0 to 30 consecutive days
Depth to paralithic contact - 20 to 40 inches
Reaction - Extremely acid to strongly acid
Particle size control section:
Clay content - 18 to 30 percent field estimate
Bulk density - 0.70 to 0.90 g/cm3
Phosphate retention - 85 to 100
Ammonium oxalate extractable aluminum plus one half iron - 2 to 5 percent
Rock fragments - 0 to 15 percent gravel, 30 to 50 percent paragravel, 0 to 5 percent paragravel, 35 to 65 percent total

A horizon
Hue - 7.5YR or 10YR
Value - 2 or 3 moist, 3 or 4 dry
Chroma - 1 or 2 moist, 2 or 3 dry
Organic matter - 10 to 20 percent
Rock fragments - 0 to 15 percent gravel

Bw1 horizon
Hue - 7.5YR or 10YR
Value - 3 to 5 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma - 4 to 6 moist or dry.
Texture - PGR-MEDL-L, MEDL-SICL, MED-SIL
Organic matter 4 to 7 percent
Rock fragments - 0 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 15 percent paragravel, 0 to 15 percent total

Bw2 horizon
Hue - 7.5YR or 10YR
Value - 3 to 5 moist, 5 or 6 dry
Chroma - 4 to 6 moist or dry.
Texture - PGRV-MEDL-SIL, PGRV-MEDL-SICL
Organic matter - 4 to 7 percent
Rock fragments - 0 to 15 percent gravel, 30 to 50 percent paragravel, 0 to 5 percent paracobbles, 35 to 65 percent total

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Calawah, Ilwaco, Klootchie, Knappton, Lint, Lytell, Mopang, Narel, Neotsu, Neskowin, Newskah, Palix, Queets, and Salander series. Calawah, Ilwaco, Lint, Queets, and Salander soils are greater than 60 inches deep. Klootchie and Knappton soils have a lithic contact from 40 to greater than 60 inches deep. Lytell and Narel soils have a paralithic contact from 40 to greater than 60 inches deep. Mopang soils have cemented glacial till at a depth of 40 to 60 inches. Neotsu soils have a paralithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches, but are derived from basalt, and have up to 20 percent cobbles in the control section. Neskowin soils have a lithic contact at a depth of 20 to 40 inches deep, are derived from basalt, and have up to 15 percent cobbles in the control section. Newskah soils have 10 to 15 percent clay and no rock fragments in the control section. Palix soils have a paralithic contact from 40 to 60 inches deep.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Bullman soils occur on summits and shoulders of hills and mountains at elevations of sea level to 1,200 feet. Slopes are 10 to 75 percent. These soils formed in colluvium and residuum from bedrock of siltstone, sandstone, and conglomerate lithologies. The climate is characterized by cool, wet winters and cool, dry summers. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 90 to 120 inches. Mean annual air temperature is 45 to 50 degrees F. The frost-free period is 160 to 220 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Palix and Ilwaco soils. These soils occur on adjacent hillslopes and mountain slopes.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained; Saturated hydraulic conductivity is high.

USE AND VEGETATION: Used for timber production, recreation, wildlife habitat, homesites, and watershed. Potential natural vegetation consists of Sitka spruce, western hemlock, western redcedar, Alaska huckleberry, deer fern, evergreen huckleberry, fool's huckleberry, red huckleberry, salal, salmonberry, thimbleberry, and western swordfern.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Washington MLRA 4A. Series is of small extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clallam County, Washington, 2010.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epipedon
Andic soil properties - 5 to 32 inches
Cambic horizon - 8 to 32 inches (Bw horizons)
Paralithic contact - 32 inches (Cr horizon)
Particle-size control section - 5 to 32 inches

Some pedons have lithic materials 10 inches or more below the paralithic contact.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.