LOCATION CAMPIA WI+MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Campia silt loam - on a 2 percent convex slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 1,110 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 8 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary (5 to 9 inches thick)
E--8 to 12 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) silt loam pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) dry; weak thin platy structure; friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
E/B--12 to 19 inches; 60 percent brown (7.5YR 5/2) silt loam (E) pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) dry; weak medium platy structure; friable; extends as tongues into and surrounds remnants of reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 15 inches thick)
B/E--19 to 24 inches; 80 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silt loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common faint clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (7.5YR 5/2) silt loam (E) pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) dry; weak medium platy structure; friable;common distinct pinkish gray (7.5YR 7/2) dry silt coatings on vertical faces of some peds; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (The glossic horizon ranges from 2 to 30 inches thick.)
Bt1--24 to 34 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--34 to 42 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; with thin (<1 inch) strata of dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) very fine sand; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate coarse subangular blocky; firm; common faint clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 10 to 24 inches.)
C--42 to 60 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) silt loam with thin (<1 inch) strata of dark brown (7.5YR 4/4) very fine sand; massive breaking to moderate thick plates along depositional strata; firm; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Chippewa County, Wisconsin; about 7 miles northeast of New Auburn; 600 feet north and 900 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 30, T. 32 N., R. 8 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 30 to 60 inches. Depth to stratification ranges from 24 to 40 inches. Rock fragments typically are absent throughout the soil, but volume of gravel and cobbles ranges up to 3 percent in some pedons. Reaction typically ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in the solum, but ranges to neutral in the upper part, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to neutral in the substratum. Free carbonates are absent to 80 inches or more.
The Ap horizon has value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. Uncultivated pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 or 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more.
Some pedons have a Bw horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4.
Campia soils have a glossic horizon (E/B or B/E horizons, or both). The E part has color and texture like the E horizon described above. The Bt part has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 or 5; and chroma of 3 or 4. It is silt loam or silty clay loam.
The Bt horizon has color and texture like the Bt part described above. In some pedons, the lower part of the Bt horizon has thin strata of silt, loam. very fine sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy very fine sand, loamy fine sand, very fine sand or fine sand.
Typically the C horizon is silt loam with thin strata of coarser texture. It has color and stratification like the Bt horizon described above.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Dobie, Doritty, Otterholt, and Wickware series. Similar soils are the Anigon, Crystal Lake, and Spencer series. Dobie soils have a paralithic contrast with glauconitic sandstone at a depth of 20 to 40 inches. Doritty soils have redox features and a perched water table within a depth of 60 inches. Otterholt and Wickware soils do not have stratification in the lower part of the series control section. Anigon soils are fine-silty over sandy or sandy-skeletal. Crystal Lake and Spencer soils have redox features and a water table within a depth of 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Campia soils are on glacial lake plains and stream terraces. Slope gradients range from 0 to 25 percent. Campia soils formed in mostly silty lacustrine deposits. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 120 to 135 days. Elevation ranges from 800 to 1,950 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Barronett, Comstock, and Crystal Lake soils. The moderately well drained Crystal Lake soils, the somewhat poorly drained Comstock soils, and the poorly drained Barronett soils form a drainage sequence with the Campia soils.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is slow to very rapid. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderately slow in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for cropland and pastureland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Native vegetation is hardwood forests with scattered conifers. Second growth of northern red oak, sugar maple, white ash, bigtooth aspen, American elm, American basswood is common.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northwestern Wisconsin and east-central Minnesota. This soil is moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Barron County, Wisconsin, 1950.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 12 inches (Ap,E); albic horizon - 8 to 12 inches (E); glossic horizon - 12 to 24 inches (E/B, B/E); argillic horizon - 19 to 42 inches (B/E, Bt1, Bt2).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - WI00220