LOCATION CANA OH

Established Series
Rev. GMG-SJH-DBD
11/2021

CANA SERIES

The Cana series consists of deep, moderately well drained soils formed in a thin mantle of loess and the underlying till material and clayey residuum weathered from shale on glaciated hills. Slope ranges from 2 to 35 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 991 mm (39 inches), and mean annual air temperature is about 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Aquultic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Cana silt loam, on a convex, 8 percent slope in a pasture field at an elevation of 363 meters (1190 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; 10 percent mixing of subsoil material; 2 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [5 to 25 cm (2 to 10 inches) thick]

Bt1--20 to 33 cm (8 to 13 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; few prominent brown (10YR 4/3) organic coatings along root channels; 2 percent rock fragments; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 36 cm (14 inches) thick]

2Bt2--33 to 43 cm (13 to 17 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; few medium prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine faint yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt3--43 to 71 cm (17 to 28 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots; common distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) and common distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay films on faces of peds; many medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine faint strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; 10 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.

2Bt4--71 to 81 cm (28 to 32 inches); strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; common distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and few distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation in the matrix; 5 percent rock fragments; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 20 to 66 cm (8 to 26 inches).]

3Bt5--81 to 107 cm (32 to 42 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; very firm; few fine roots along vertical faces of peds; common distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) clay films on faces of peds; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; common fine prominent black (10YR 2/1) masses of iron and manganese oxide accumulation in the matrix; common shale pararock fragments; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 30 cm (12 inches) thick]

3C--107 to 129 cm (42 to 51 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) silty clay; massive; very firm; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation throughout; common shale pararock fragments; extremely acid; clear wavy boundary. [13 to 51 cm (5 to 20 inches) thick]

3Cr--129 to 140 cm (51 to 55 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) shale.

TYPE LOCATION: Ross County, Ohio; about 3.2 miles east-southeast of South Salem, in Buckskin Township, about 3,060 feet west of the intersection of CR 54 (Lower Twin Rd.) and TR 46 (Edgington Rd.) along CR 54 then 1,320 feet north; USGS South Salem, Ohio topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 16 minutes 24 seconds N. and long. 83 degrees 15 minutes 00 seconds W., NAD 27.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 76 to 152 cm (30 to 60 inches)
Depth to a paralithic contact: 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches)
Thickness of the loess: 5 to 61 cm (2 to 24 inches)
Thickness of till material: 20 to 61 cm (8 to 24 inches)
Depth to material weathered from shale: 20 to 122 cm (8 to 48 inches)
Rock fragments: predominantly rounded till pebbles of sandstone, shale, limestone, and igneous lithology in the Ap, Bt, and 2Bt horizons; predominantly angular shale fragments in the 3Bt and 3C horizon

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 12 to 27 percent
Sand content: 12 to 30 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 2 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid

Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 4 to 6
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 35 percent
Sand content: 12 to 20 percent sand
Rock fragment content: 0 to 2 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay, clay, or clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Sand content: less than 45 percent
Rock fragment content: 2 to 10 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid

3Bt or 3C horizon:
Hue: 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6
Texture: silty clay, clay, or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Sand content: less than 20 percent
Rock fragment content: 0 to 25 percent
Reaction: extremely acid or very strongly acid

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Coolville, Lansdowne, and Rarden series. Coolville soils have less than 12 percent sand in the upper part of the series control section. Lansdowne soils do not have a paralithic contact within a depth of 152 cm (60 inches). Rarden soils have a paralithic contact within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches).

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Cana soils are on summits, shoulders, backslopes and footslopes on glaciated hills. Slope ranges from 2 to 35 percent. The soils formed in a thin mantle of loess and the underlying till material and clayey residuum weathered from shale. Climate is humid and temperate. Mean annual precipitation ranges 914 to 1118 mm (36 to 44 inches). Mean annual air temperature ranges 10 to 13 degrees C (50 to 56 degrees F). Frost-free period is 145 to 181 days. Elevation is 210 to 372 meters (690 to 1220 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cincinnati, Hickory, Rossmoyne, Shelocta, and Weikert soils. Cincinnati and Hickory soils are well drained are on similar landscapes. Rossmoyne soils have a fragipan and are on similar landform positions. Shelocta and Weikert soils are well drained and are on steeper unglaciated side slopes.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. The depth to the top of an intermittent perched high water table ranges from 30 to 91 cm (1 to 3 feet) between January and April in normal years. The potential for surface runoff is low to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high in the upper part of the solum and moderately low in the lower part. Permeability is moderate or moderately slow in the upper part of the solum and slow in the lower part.

USE AND VEGETATION: Cana soils are cultivated, pastured and wooded. Principal crops are hay and corn. Native vegetation is mixed, deciduous hardwood forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern and central Ohio; MLRAs 111A and 114A. The type location is in MLRA 114A. The series is of moderate extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: AMHERST, MASSACHUSETTS

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ross County, Ohio, 1938.

REMARKS: This soil was previously classified as fine-loamy, mixed, mesic Aquic Hapludults.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 20 cm (Ap horizon).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 20 to 107 cm (Bt, 2Bt, and 3Bt horizons).
Paralithic contact: at 129 cm (top of the 3Cr horizon).
Aquic conditions: redox features visible in all horizons between the depths of 33 and 107 cm.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Characterization data for RO-95, the typifying pedon, from the Soil Characterization Laboratory at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.