LOCATION DEMONA TX

Established Series
Rev. GLL-JAW-RM
08/2017

DEMONA SERIES

The Demona series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, slowly permeable soils formed in sandy and clayey soil materials of Cretaceous age. These are nearly level to moderately sloping upland soils. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 762 mm (30 in), and mean annual air temperature is about 18.3 degrees C (65 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey, mixed, active, thermic Aquic Arenic Paleustalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Demona loamy sand--native pasture. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; single grained; slightly hard, very friable; few rounded siliceous pebbles; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness is 5 to 15 cm [2 to 6 in])

E--10 to 61 cm (4 to 24 in); light brown (7.5YR 6/4) loamy sand, brown (7.5YR 5/4) moist; single grained; slightly hard, loose; few rounded siliceous pebbles; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Thickness is 41 to 69 cm [16 to 27 in])

Bt1--61 to 84 cm (24 to 33 in); red (2.5YR 5/8) sandy clay, red (2.5YR 4/8) moist, with common medium distinct reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4), light gray (10YR 7/1), and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; weak coarse angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Thickness is 15 to 38 cm [6 to 15 in])

Bt2--84 to 122 cm (33 to 48 in); light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay, gray (10YR 6/1) moist, with many medium distinct red (2.5YR 4/6) and brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) mottles; weak coarse angular blocky structure; very hard, very firm; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Thickness is 20 to 51 cm [8 to 20 in])

BC--122 to 142 cm (48 to 56 in); red (2.5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam, red (2.5YR 4/8) moist, with common fine distinct gray and brownish yellow mottles; weak angular blocky structure; hard, friable; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Thickness is 25 to 38 cm [10 to 15 in])

C--142 to 163 cm (56 to 64 in); light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay, gray (10YR 6/1) moist, with few fine yellowish brown mottles; massive; moderately acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Erath County, Texas; about 24 miles northwest of Stephenville; 17.5 miles northwest of courthouse in Stephenville and 0.9 mile north of Hannibal store to intersection of county road and Highway 108, 3 miles northwest via county road to intersection, 4.4 miles west, and 800 feet north of the east-west county road.

USGS topographic quadrangle: Reddy Mountain, Texas;
Latitude: 32 degrees, 23 minutes, 6.82 seconds, N;
Longitude: 98 degrees, 26 minutes, 13.7 seconds,W.
Datum: WGS84;

UTM Easting 552942.13 m,
UTM Northing 3583275.97 m;
UTM Zone 14.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: Udic ustic moisture regime
Solum thickness: 127 to 203 cm (50 to 80 in)
Depth to abrupt textural change: 26 to 56 cm (10 to 22 in)
Depth to redox concentrations/depletions: 11 to 203 cm (4 to 80 in)
Thickness of argillic horizon: 9 to 192 cm (4 to 76 in)
Depth to Aquic conditions: 51 to 59 cm (20 to 23 in)

Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Silicate clay content: 35 to 60 percent
Sand content: 20 to 65 percent

A Horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 8
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand or fine sand
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent quartzite gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

E Horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 to 8
Chroma: 2 to 6
Texture: loamy sand, loamy fine sand, or fine sand
Rock fragments: 0 to 5 percent quartzite gravel
Reaction: moderately acid to slightly alkaline

Bt or Btg Horizons:
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 8
Texture: sandy clay loam, sandy clay or clay
Rock fragments: 0 to 3 percent quartzite gravel
Redox concentrations/depletions: amount-1 to 25 percent, size-fine to course, contrast-distinct or prominent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

BC/BCt Horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 5 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 8
Texture: sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay. Some pedons have stratified layers of sandy loam or clay loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 3 percent quartzite gravel
Redox concentrations/depletions: amount-1 to 5 percent, size-fine to Medium, contrast-distinct
Identifiable secondary carbonate: amount-0 to 1 percent, size-medium, kind-soft masses or concentrations of calcium carbonate
Gypsum: 0 to 1 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

C Horizon:
Color: shades of red, yellow, brown or grey
Texture: sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay. Some pedons have stratified layers of sandy loam or clay loam
Rock fragments: 0 to 3 percent quartzite gravel
Identifiable secondary carbonate: Some pedons have few soft masses and concretions of calcium carbonate
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

COMPETING SERIES: This includes the Tremona series in the same family. Similar series include the Chaney, Loneoak, and Nimrod series.
Tremona soils: do not have red argillic horizons and are formed mainly in Citronelle geology of the coastal plain
Chaney soils: have epipedons less than 51 cm (20 in) thick
Loneoak soils: do not have active redox features and typically have a lithic contact between 150 and 180 cm (65 to 71 in)
Nimrod soil: have a loamy control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: sandy or clayey slope alluvium and residuum of Cretaceous age, predominantly found on the Twin Mountains Formation
Landscape: hills
Landform: ridges
Slope: 0 to 5 percent, but mainly less than 4 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 610 to 889 mm (24 to 35 in)
Thornthwaite P-E Index: 36 to 52
Mean annual air temperature: 17.2 to 18.9 (63 to 66 degrees F)
Frost free period: 220 to 240 days
Elevation: 182 to 670.6 m (597 to 2200 ft)

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
These are the Chaney, Duffau, Nimrod, Patilo, and Selden series.
Chaney and Selden soils: occur in similar positions
Duffau, Patilo and Selden soils: average less than 35 percent clay in the control section
Duffau soils: have an epipedon less than 51 cm (20 in) thick and occur in lower, concave positions
Nimrod and Patilo soils: occur in higher positions on narrow stream divides or small knolls
Patilo soils: have a sandy epipedon 102 to 183 cm (40 to 72 in) thick

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: Moderately well.
Permeability class: rapid.
Runoff: very low on slopes from 0 to 1 percent, low on slopes from 1 to 5 percent and medium on slopes from 5 to 8 percent.

USE AND VEGETATION: Many areas are farmed to peanuts, sorghums, vegetables, and orchards. Some areas are sodded to bermudagrass. Other areas are growing a thick stand of scrub post oak, blackjack oak and greenbriar.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Texas; Land Resource Region J; MLRA 84B-West Cross Timbers, 86A-Texas Blackland Prairie, and 87A-Texas Claypan Area. The series is extensive.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: McCulloch County, Texas; 1970.

REMARKS: Demona soils were formerly included in the Nimrod series.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon:

Ochric epipedon: 0 to 61 cm (0 to 24 in) (A and E horizons)
Arenic feature: loamy sand texture to 61 cm (24 in).
Argillic horizons: 61 to 122 cm (24 to 48 in) (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons)
Pale feature: abrupt textural change at 61 cm (24 in)
Aquic feature: has gray mottles in the Bt1 from 61 to 84 cm (24 to 33 in)

ADDITIONAL DATA: S1981TX143003 (KSSL)

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.