LOCATION TREMONA                 TX

Established Series
ACT-JAW-RMR
08/2017

TREMONA SERIES

The Tremona series consists of very deep, somewhat poorly drained, very slowly permeable soils that formed in interbedded sandy, clayey, and loamy residuum derived from sandstone, claystone, and shale. These soils are on nearly level to gently sloping soils occur on broad ridges on inland dissected coastal plains. Slopes range from 0 to 8 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 990.6 mm (39 in) and the mean annual air temperature is about 21.7 degrees C (71 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Clayey, mixed, active, hyperthermic Aquic Arenic Paleustalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Tremona loamy fine sand--rangeland. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 30 cm (0 to 12 in); pale brown (10YR 6/3) loamy fine sand, brown (10YR 5/3) moist; single grain; loose, very friable; common fine roots; few fine siliceous pebbles; slightly acid, clear smooth boundary. (18 to 41 cm [7 to 16 in] thick)

E--30 to 71 cm (12 to 28 in); very pale brown (10YR 7/3) loamy fine sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; common medium distinct light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) masses of iron accumulation in the lower part; single grain; loose, very friable; few fine roots; common fine siliceous pebbles in the upper part that increases to 30 percent in the lower 5 cm (2 in), slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (25 to 61 cm [10 to 24 in] thick)

Btg1--71 to 102 cm ( 28 to 40 in); gray (10YR 6/1) sandy clay, gray (10YR 5/1) moist; common medium distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and common medium prominent red (2.5YR 4/8) masses of iron accumulation; moderate medium angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm, sticky and plastic; few masses of iron accumulation; few fine roots; many clay films; 10 percent fine siliceous pebbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.

Btg2--102 to 147 cm ( 40 to 58 in); light gray (10YR 7/1) sandy clay, gray (10YR 6/1) moist; common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) and red (2.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; weak medium angular blocky structure; extremely hard, very firm, sticky and plastic; few red masses of iron accumulation; many clay films; 5 percent fine and medium siliceous pebbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of Btg horizons are 64 to 114 cm [25 to 45 in])

Bk--147 to 173 cm (58 to 68 in); very pale brown (10YR 8/2) sandy clay loam, light gray (10YR 7/2) moist; common coarse distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) and few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; weak coarse angular blocky structure; extremely hard, firm, slightly sticky; common fine concretions of calcium carbonate; slightly alkaline; diffuse wavy boundary. (0 to 51 cm [0 to 20 in] thick)

BCk--173 to 203 cm (68 to 80 in); very pale brown (10YR 8/2) sandy clay loam; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure, appears massive when moist; very hard, friable; few masses and fine concretions of calcium carbonate; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: DeWitt County, Texas; from the intersection of U.S. Highway 77A and U.S. Highway 87 in Cuero, Texas; 4.4 miles southeast on U.S. Highway 87; then 3.5 miles northeast on a county road and 50 ft north of road right-of-way in rangeland.

USGS topographic quadrangle: Verhelle, Texas;
Latitude: 29 degrees, 5 minutes, 31.81 seconds N;
Longitude: 97 degrees, 10 minutes, 32.48 seconds W.
Datum: WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: aquic ustic soil moisture regime. The soil moisture control section is dry in some or all parts for more than 90 days but less than 150 cumulative days in normal years.
Soil Depth: 152 to more than 203 cm (60 to more than 80 in).
Depth to abrupt textural change: 53 to 76 cm (21 to 30 in)
Depth to albic materials: 10 to 36 cm (4 to 14 in)
Depth to albic horizon: 10 to 36 cm (4 to 14 in)
Depth to argillic horizon: 53 to 76 cm (21 to 30 in)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 147 to 173 cm (58 to 68 in) where present
Depth to redox concentrations: 30 to 102 cm (12 to 40 in)
Depth to episaturation: 43 to 102 cm (17 to 40 in)
Thickness of Ochric epipedon: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 in)
Thickness of argillic horizon: 63 to 102 cm (25 to 40 in)

Particle-size control section (weighted average)
Clay content: 35 to 60 percent
Rock Fragments: amount-0 to 80 percent

A horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand
Rock fragments: 0 to 80 percent; 2 to 75 mm; quartzite
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

E horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 5 to 8
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: fine sand, loamy sand, loamy fine sand
Redox concentrations: 0 to 5 percent, medium, distinct
Rock Fragments: 0 to 40 percent; 2 to 75 mm; quartzite
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

Btg horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7
Chroma: 1 to 3, or 6
Texture: sandy clay or clay
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent.
Redox concentrations: 0 to 40 percent, fine to coarse, distinct to prominent
Rock fragments: 0 to 40 percent; 2 to 75 mm; quartzite; fragments are less than 35 percent in the control section
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid

Bk, BCk, BC, or BCy horizons:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, or 2.5YR
Value: 5 to 8
Chroma: 1, 2, 6, or 8
Texture: sandy clay loam, sandy clay, or clay loam
Redox concentrations: 0 to 5 percent, fine, distinct to prominent
Identifiable secondary carbonates: 0 to 5 percent, size-fine (where present)
Gypsum: 0 to 1 percent (where present)
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Demona (TX) series in the same family. Similar soils are the Carmine, Leming, Nimrod, Nueces, Rehburg, Straber, and Tanglewood (TX-T) series.
Demona soils: have redder upper argillic horizons and formed in Cretaceous age materials.
Carmine soils: have greater than 60 percent coarse fragments in the surface horizons and do not have gray redoximorphic features within 76 cm (30 in) of the surface.
Leming soils: are slightly acid to slightly alkaline in the argillic horizon and are in the hyperthermic temperature regime.
Nimrod and Nueces soils: have loamy control sections and, in addition, Nueces soils are in the hyperthermic temperature regime.
Rehburg soils: have smectitic mineralogy and have a solum 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 in) thick over tuffaceous clay beds.
Straber soils: have an A horizons less than 51 cm (20 in) thick.
Tanglewood soils: occur in the thermic soil temperature regime and have slightly more acidic A and E horizons.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: sandy, clayey, and loamy residuum derived from sandstone, claystone, and shale of Eocene Age mainly of the Wilcox, Reklaw, Queen City, and Sparta formations
Landscape: inland dissected coastal plains
Landform: concave linear footslopes or toeslopes on baseslopes on broad ridges; concave linear backslopes on side slopes on broad ridges
Slope: 0 to 8 percent, but are mainly 1 to 5 percent
Mean annual precipitation: 813 to 1122 mm (32 to 44 in)
Mean annual air temperature: 19.5 to 21.7 degrees C (67 to 70 degrees F)
Frost-free period: 260 to 290 days
Elevation: 27 to 183 m (89 to 600 ft)
Thornthwaite P-E Index: 44 to 64

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Carmine, Catilla, Dutek, Ellen, Padina, Silvern, and Straber series.
Carmine soils: are on quaternary terraces
Catilla and Padina soils: are on slightly higher smooth areas and have thicker sandy A horizons.
Dutek, Ellen and Silvern soils: have loamy control sections. In addition, Ellen and Silvern soils have control sections containing more than 35 percent gravel and all of these are on nearby landscapes.
Straber soils: have A and E horizons less than 51 cm (20 in) thick and are on higher positions.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage class: Somewhat poorly.
Permeability class: very slow.
Runoff: low on slopes less than 1 percent, medium on 1 to 3 percent slopes, high on 3 to 5 percent slopes, and very high on slopes greater than 5 percent.
Wetness: A temporary perched water table is often present in and above the Btg1 horizon following heavy rains.

USE AND VEGETATION: Mainly brushy rangeland and used for grazing. Some areas are in improved bermudagrass pastures. Native vegetation is post oak, blackjack oak, hickory, and scattered live oak trees, with an understory of yaupon, grapevines, little bluestem, and paspalums.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: South-central Texas; Land Resource Region J - Southwestern Prairies Cotton and Forage Region; Texas Claypan Areas, Southern Part. The soil is extensive

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: DeWitt County, Texas; 1973.

REMARKS: The series was reclassified from a thermic soil temperature regime to a hyperthermic soil temperature regime as a result of analysis of climate data and spatial extent.

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:

Ochric epipedon: 0 to 71 cm (0 to 28 in) (A and E horizons)
Albic horizon: 30 to 71 cm (12 to 28 in) (E horizons)
Argillic horizon: 71 to 147 cm (28 to 58 in) (Btg horizons)
Arenic feature: 0 to 71 cm (0 to 28 in) loamy fine sand.

Episaturation: The zone of saturation at 71 to 147 cm (28 to 58 in) (Btg1, Btg2)
Aquic conditions: 30 to 102 cm (12 to 40 in) (lower part of the E horizon and upper part of the Btg1 horizon in 6 or more years out of 10)
Abrupt texture change: At the upper boundary of the Btg1 horizon.
Secondary Calcium Carbonates: 147 to 203 cm (58 to 203 in)

ADDITIONAL DATA: None

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.