LOCATION FAIRHAVEN MN+IAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Fairhaven silt loam, on a nearly level slope, on an outwash plain, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 23 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) dry; weak fine granular structure; friable; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--23 to 38 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) silt loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) dry; mixing of very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2); moderate fine granular structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 49 centimeters.)
Bw1--38 to 64 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bw2--64 to 75 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; about 3 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 20 to 57 centimeters.)
2BC--75 to 88 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 10 percent gravel; slightly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 20 centimeters thick)
2C--88 to 152 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly coarse sand; single grain; loose; about 15 percent gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA)-104 Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies; Mower County, Minnesota subset; about 12 miles north and 2 miles west of Austin; about 100 feet west and 300 feet south of the northeast corner of section 5, T. 104 N., R. 18 W.; USGS Blooming Prairie topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 50 minutes 51 seconds N. and long. 93 degrees 0 minutes 38 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--50 to 125 centimeters
Depth to sandy and gravelly sediments--50 to 100 centimeters
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 49 centimeters
Content of clay in the upper two thirds of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 30 percent
Content of clay in the lower one third of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--5 to 10 percent
Content of sand in the upper two thirds of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--15 to 25 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand
Content of sand in the lower one third of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--75 to 95 percent
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam with a high percentage of silt
Clay content--18 to 30 percent
Sand content--15 to 25 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Bw horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam with a high percentage of silt
Clay content--18 to 30 percent
Sand content--15 to 25 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Some pedons have a Bk horizon
Some pedons have a 2Bw horizon with a texture of clay loam
2BC horizon (if it occurs):
Hue--10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--sandy loam, coarse sandy loam, loamy sand, or loamy coarse sand or their gravelly analogs
Subhorizons with sandy loam textures are less than 5 inches thick
Clay content--5 to 18 percent
Sand content--70 to 85 percent
Reaction--moderately acid to neutral
Rock fragment content--0 to 35 percent
2C horizon:
Hue7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 5
Texture--sand, coarse sand or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--2 to 18 percent
Sand content--90 to 95 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent--1 to 5 percent
Reaction--slightly acid to moderately alkaline
Rock fragment content--0 to 50 percent
Some pedons have a texture of fine sand below a depth of 150 centimeters
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Cott,
Kanaranzi,
Vanpetten,
Wadena, and
Waukee series.
Cott--have a zone that is frequently saturated in the lower third of the series control section in most years
Kanaranzi--have sandy and gravelly sediments within a depth of 35 to 50 centimeters
Vanpetten--do not have carbonates within a depth of 150 centimeters
Wadena--have sand content of 25 to 40 percent fine sand and sand coarser than fine sand in the upper two thirds of particle-size control section
Waukee--do not have carbonates within a depth of 180 centimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of loamy sediments and the underlying calcareous sandy and gravelly glacial outwash
Landform--stream terraces, outwash plains, and valley trains
Slopes--0 to 12 percent
Elevation--243 to 457 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 11 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--630 to 820 millimeters
Frost-free period--125 to 170 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Biscay,
Cylinder,
Marshan, and the competing
Wadena soils.
Biscay--are in the lower landscape positions on flats, have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.15 meter in normal years, and have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Cylinder--are in the slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.6 meter in normal years
Marshan--are in the lower positions on flats and in slightly concave positions, frequently saturated at the surface of the soil in normal years, and do not have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Wadena-- are in landscape positions similar to those of the Fairhaven soils and have more sand in the upper two thirds of the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second (moderately high) in the loamy sediments and 42.34 to 141.14 micrometers per second (high) in the underlying sediments
Surface runoff potential--negligible to medium
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn and soybeans. The native vegetation is big bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Western lake section, Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Till Plains (102B), Central Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (103), Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104), Iowa and Minnesota Loess Hills (107A) and Iowa and Missouri Deep Loess Hills (107B)
LRR M; southern Minnesota and northern Iowa
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Rock County, Minnesota, 1945.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A, Bw1, Bw2, and 2BC horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, A, Bw1, Bw2, 2BC, and 2C horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 38 centimeters (Ap and A horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 38 to 75 centimeters (Bw horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange class is inferred from lab data for similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, ninth edition, 2003.