LOCATION WAUKEE IA+IL MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy over sandy or sandy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Hapludolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Waukee loam, on a north-facing, convex slope of about 1 percent, on a stream terrace, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine and fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--20 to 46 centimeters; very dark brown (10YR 2/2) loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; neutral; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 25 to 49 centimeters.)
Bw1--46 to 61 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; common faint discontinuous dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bw2--61 to 84 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few very fine roots; common very fine tubular pores; common faint discontinuous dark brown (10YR 3/3) organic coats on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizon is 20 to 40 centimeters.)
2C1--84 to 122 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loamy sand; single grain; loose; about 10 percent mixed gravel; moderately acid; gradual smooth boundary.
2C2--122 to 203 centimeters; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) sand; single grain; loose; few fine distinct brown (7.5YR 4/4) redoximorphic concentrations; about 10 percent mixed gravel, slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 104-Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies, Black Hawk County, Iowa subset; about 3 miles west of Cedar Falls; located about 380 feet north and 2,300 feet west of the southeast corner of section 6, T. 89 N., R. 14 W.; USGS New Hartford topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 32 minutes 36 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 32 minutes 36.5 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 49 centimeters
Depth to sandy to gravelly alluvium or outwash--50 to 100 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--more than 183 centimeters
Clay content of the upper half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 25 percent
Clay content of the lower half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--2 to 8 percent
Sand content of the upper half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--35 to 45 percent
Sand content of the lower half of the particle-size control section (weighted average)--80 to 95 percent
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--loam or silt loam
Clay content--15 to 24 percent
Sand content--25 to 50 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Some pedons have an AB or BA horizon
Bw horizon:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 to 6
Texture--loam or sandy clay loam
Clay content--18 to 27 percent
Sand content--30 to 60 percent
Reaction--strongly acid or moderately acid
Some pedons have a thin, less than 12.5 centimeters thick, transition zone with a texture of sandy loam
2BC (when present) and 2C horizons:
Hue--7.5YR or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 8
Texture--loamy sand, loamy coarse sand, sand, coarse sand, or the gravelly or very gravelly analogs of these textures
Clay content--2 to 8 percent
Sand content--75 to 98 percent, dominantly medium sand and coarse sand
Rock fragment content--10 to 50 percent
Reaction--moderately acid or slightly acid
Some pedons may have lamellae
Some pedons have bedrock below a depth of 150 centimeters
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Cott,
Fairhaven,
Kanaranzi,
Vanpetten, and
Wadena series.
Cott--have carbonates within a depth of 75 centimeters
Fairhaven--have carbonates within a depth of 127 centimeters and is dominantly medium sand and coarse sand in the lower third of the series control section
Kanaranzi--have sandy and gravelly sediments within a depth of 60 centimeters and have carbonates within a depth of 70 centimeters
Vanpetten--have a clay content of more than 20 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Wadena--have carbonates within a depth of 150 centimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--50 to 100 centimeters of loamy alluvium or outwash and in the underlying sandy to gravelly alluvium or outwash
Landform--treads and risers on stream terraces in river valleys and in outwash areas
Slope--0 to 14 percent
Elevation--130 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 13 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--735 to 1,015 millimeters
Frost-free period--145 to 215 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Lawler,
Marshan, and
Saude soils.
Lawler--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 and 1 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Marshan--are on lower elevations and are frequently saturated from the soil surface to a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saude--are on landscape positions similar to those of the Waukee soils and have a clay content that averages 8 to 15 percent in the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained--a frequently saturated zone does not occur within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second in the loamy alluvium or outwash and 100.00 to 705.00 micrometers per second in the underlying sandy to gravelly alluvium or outwash
Flooding--very rarely or rarely flooded for very brief or brief duration on stream terraces with slopes of 9 percent or less
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, legume hay, small grains, and soybeans. The native vegetation is big bluestem, indiangrass, switchgrass, and other grasses of the tall grass prairie.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Wisconsin driftless section, Till plains, and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104),
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105),
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108), and
Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes, Northern Part (115C)
LRR M; eastern Iowa, northwestern Illinois, and southeastern Minnesota
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Howard County, Iowa, 1969
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters (A, Bw1, Bw2, and 2C1 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, A, Bw1, Bw2, 2C1, and 2C2 horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 46 centimeters (Ap and A horizons);
cambic horizon--the zone from a depth of 46 to 84 centimeters (Bw1 and Bw2 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
The type location was moved from Howard County, Iowa to Black Hawk County, Iowa as laboratory data (NSSL) from the site in Howard County, Iowa did not support the series concept.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa