LOCATION GOTHENBURG              NE

Established Series
Rev. JRW, TDW
01/2012

GOTHENBURG SERIES

The Gothenburg series consists of soils that are very shallow over gravelly coarse sand. They are poorly drained soils. These soils formed in alluvium on river valley flood plains. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 11 degrees C (51 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 58 centimeters (23 inches) at the type location.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Typic Psammaquents

TYPICAL PEDON: Gothenburg loamy sand with a slope of 0 to 2 percent. When described, the soil was moist throughout. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 8 centimeters (0 to 3 inches); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) loamy sand, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable; many fine and medium roots; neutral; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 15 centimeters (1 to 6 inches) thick)

C--8 to 20 centimeters (3 to 8 inches); light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) coarse sand, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) moist; single grain; loose; 3 percent gravel by volume; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 36 centimeters (0 to 14 inches) thick)

2Cg--20 to 203 centimeters (8 to 80 inches); light gray (10YR 7/2) gravelly coarse sand, pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; common, medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) moist iron masses in the soil matrix; single grain; loose; 30 percent gravel by volume; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Kearney County, Nebraska; 10 miles north and 9 miles west of Minden; 305 meters (1000 feet) north and 700 meters (2300 feet) east of the southwest corner, sec. 16, T. 8 N., R. 16 W. Alfalfa Center USGS quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees, 39 minutes , 30 seconds N. and long. 99 degrees, 7 minutes 51 seconds W., NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Mean annual soil temperature: 11 to 13 degrees C (52 to 55 degrees F). The soils are generally saturated to or near the surface during most of the growing season. Aquic moisture regime
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 0 to 20 centimeters, calcium carbonates are generally not found in the 2C material.
Depth to redoximorphic features: 8 to 200 centimeters
Concentrations: distinct or prominent brown or yellowish brown iron masses are in the matrix of the C horizon
Depth to endosaturation: 0 to 46 centimeters (0 to 1.5 feet), it is highest in early spring and when stream flow is highest. During periods of drought, it may recede to a depth of several feet.
Depth to rock fragments: less than 25 centimeters (10 inches)

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: loam, fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand or sand, thin layers of clay loam are in some pedons
Clay content: 2 to 10 percent
Sand Content: 45 to 85 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 14 percent by volume; 2-20mm in size
cce: 0 to 3 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 6 to 8 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 1 to 2
Texture: fine sand, sand, or coarse sand, in some pedons, the upper part of the C horizon is fine sandy loam, loamy fine sand or loamy sand
Clay content: 0 to 5 percent
Sand Content: 55 to 95 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 15 percent gravel by volume; 2-20mm in size
cce: 0 to 3 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

2Cg horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 6 to 8 dry, 4 to 7 moist
Chroma: 1 through 3
Texture: sand, gravelly coarse sand or coarse sand
Clay content: 0 to 5 percent
Sand Content: 90 to 100 percent
Rock fragments: 0 to 34 percent gravel by volume; 2-75mm in size; some pedons contain thin strata of material that ranges up to 50 percent gravel by volume, stratification of the sandy and gravelly layers is common

Reaction: neutral or slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Arloval, Carrolls, Conrad, Dair, Forbar, Junius, Norway, Stafford, Thonet, Tryon, Tyre, and Wanser.
Arloval: contain fewer coarse fragments in the control section
Carrolls: have volcanic ash in the particle size control section
Conrad: have fewer coarse fragments, and contain finer sand
Dair: contain fewer coarse fragments and carbonates are deeper in the profile
Forbar: contain less than 15 percent gravel in the series control section and formed in sediments derived from volcanic ash and tuff
Junius: contain fewer coarse fragments and do not flood.
Norway: are calcareous throughout
Stafford: are mainly fine sand and lack coarse fragments
Tihonet: reaction is moderately acid to extremely acid and formed in sandy glaciofluvial materials
Tryon: soils lack coarse fragments
Tyre: have sandstone bedrock within depths of 40 inches or less
Wanser: contain fewer coarse fragments

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: derived from recent alluvium that overlies gravelly sand
Landform: flood plains, areas are commonly dissected by braided stream channels
Slopes: 0 to 2 percent
Elevation: 457 to 1219 meters (1500 to 4000 feet)
Mean annual temperature: 10 to 12 degrees C (50 to 53 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 36 to 76 centimeters (14 to 30 inches)
Frost-free period: 130 to 160 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Alda, Platte, and Wann.
Alda soils are deeper to the gravelly sand, are higher on the landscape and flood less frequently
Platte soils are 10 to 20 inches to gravelly sand, gravelly coarse sand or coarse sand and are higher on the landscape
Wann soils are deeper and have finer textured particle size control sections, are on a higher on the landscape

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: poorly drained
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: High
Flooding: frequent or occasional
Runoff: very low

USE AND VEGETATION: Range and habitat for wildlife. Vegetation is mainly switchgrass, mixed with cottonwood and cedar trees on the higher areas, and prairie cordgrass, sedges, annual grasses, and willow trees on the lower areas. Annual grasses, weeds, sedges, and shrubs are common.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: In Colorado and Nebraska along the Platte River. MLRA's 65, 67A, 71, 72, 73, 75, and 102C. The series is of large extent.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dawson County, Nebraska, 1975.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon-0 to 8 centimeters (0 to 3 inches)
Aquic conditions-0 to 200 centimeters (0 to 80 inches)

Before extensive flooding of the Platte River was controlled by
upstream dams, this soil was unstable riverwash. Since 1940, these areas have become stabilized and vegetated with trees and grasses. In older surveys, these soils were called Loamy alluvial land, Gravelly alluvial land, or Mixed alluvial land. The depth to the water table within these soils is related to the water level in the channel. Periods of drought lower the water table within these soils.

6/2002RRZ Slope range dropped from 3 to 2 percent.

12/2011 TDW Added metric units
Changed "Depth to rock fragments" from less than 10 inches but ranges from 1 to 20 inches to less than 25 centimeters (10 inches)
Changed "Depth to secondary calcium carbonate:" calcium carbonates are generally found in the upper part of most soil profiles to 0 to 20 centimeters, calcium carbonates are generally not found in the 2C material
Clay content in the A horizon was changed from 2-8% to 2-10%
Added clay content ranges to the C and 2CG horizon ranges
Added sand content ranges to all horizon ranges
Rock fragments in the A horizon were changed from 0-5% to 0-14% and size was changed from 2-75mm to 2-20mm
Rock fragments in the Cg horizon were changed from 0-25% to 0-34%and size was changed from 2-75mm to 2-20mm and added stratification of the sandy and gravelly layers is common

Changed runoff from slow to very low
Changed permeability rapid to very rapid to Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity high
Deleted out the statement about permeability in the introductory paragraph
Updated the list of competing soil series
Updated the list of geographically associated soil series
Added CCE range for the A and C horizons
Changed "shallow streams" to "braided streams" in geographic settings section
Added MLRA's to the distribution and extent section
Added depth to redoximorphic features in the range in characteristics
Moved the soil temperature statement from geographic settings to the range in characteristics section
Changed topographic quadrangle to USGS quadrangle in the type location section
Changed the statement that Wann was on similar landform positions to Wann is on higher landform positions

12/2011 JCR Removed "Thickness of Mollic epipedon" as thickness criteria for a Mollic epipedon is not met with the range

ADDITIONAL DATA: The A and C horizon rock fragments are predominately in the size range of 2-5mm based on sieve analysis.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.