LOCATION NORWAY SDEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Mixed, mesic Typic Psammaquents
TYPICAL PEDON: Norway loamy fine sand, in a level old meander channel, at an elevation of about 345 meters above mean sea level. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 centimeters; grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) stratified loamy fine sand and fine sand, very dark grayish brown (2.5Y 3/2) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; soft, very friable; common medium and many fine and very fine roots throughout; common fine and many very fine interstitial pores; common prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) oxidized rhizospheres; few fine soft iron-manganese concretions; common fine and medium prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; and few fine distinct gray (2.5Y 5/1) redoximorphic depletions, moist; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (2 to 20 centimeters thick)
C--5 to 25 centimeters; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) stratified fine sand and very fine sand, dark grayish brown (2.5Y 4/2) moist; single grain; loose; few medium and common fine and very fine roots throughout; common fine and many very fine interstitial pores; few fine slightly hard iron-manganese concretions; common fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and few fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations, moist; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
Cg--25 to 203 centimeters; light olive gray (5Y 6/2) stratified fine sand and very fine sand, olive gray (5Y 4/2) moist; single grain; loose; few fine and very fine roots throughout; common fine and many very fine interstitial pores; few fine slightly hard iron-manganese concretions; few fine prominent dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations, moist; slightly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area 102C-Loess Uplands, Clay County, South Dakota subset; located about 5,060 feet south and 2,630 feet east of the northwest corner of section 23, T. 32 N., R.4 E.; USGS Maskell topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 44 minutes 6 seconds N. and long. 96 degrees 55 minutes 28 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--0 to 10 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--0 to 5 percent, less than 10 percent silt plus clay, and less than 40 percent silt plus clay plus very fine sand
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--85 to 100 percent
Rock fragment content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--0 percent
A or Ap (when present) horizon:
Hue--10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y
Value--3 to 5 (2 to 4, moist)
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture--stratified loamy fine sand, loamy sand, fine sand, or very fine sand
Clay content--2 to 5 percent
Sand content--80 to 95 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--neutral to moderately alkaline
Some cultivated areas are not stratified
Some pedons have thin strata of silt loam, silty clay loam, or fine sandy loam
Some pedons have a thin O horizon
C or Cg horizon:
Hue--2.5Y or 5Y
Value--5 or 6 (4 or 5, moist)
Chroma--1 or 2
Texture-- very fine sand, fine sand, loamy sand, or loamy fine sand
Clay content--0 to 5 percent
Sand content--80 to 100 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Reaction--slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
Some pedons have thin strata of silt loam, very fine sandy loam, silty clay loam, or silty clay
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Arloval,
Barren,
Carrolls,
Conrad,
Dair,
Forbar,
Gothenburg,
Jamaica,
Junius,
Stafford,
Tihonet,
Tryon,
Tyre, and
Wanser series.
Arloval--have a clay content of 5 to 10 percent in the lower two thirds of the series control section
Barren--have 100 to 200 centimeters of anthrotransported materials of variable nature and are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 1,020 to 1,270 millimeters
Carrolls--have 5 to 20 percent volcanic glass in the particle-size control section
Conrad--do not have carbonates within a depth of 50 centimeters
Dair--do not have carbonates within a depth of 60 centimeters
Forbar--are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 300 to 400 millimeters
Gothenburg--do not have carbonates throughout the series control section
Jamaica--have 100 to 200 centimeters of anthrotransported materials of variable nature and are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 1,020 to 1,270 millimeters
Junius--do not have carbonates within a depth of 50 centimeters
Stafford--do not have carbonates within the series control section
Tihonet--do not have carbonates within the series control section
Tryon--do not have carbonates throughout the series control section
Tyre--have a lithic contact of sandstone within a depth of 100 centimeters
Wanser--are in areas that have a mean annual precipitation range of 150 to 200 millimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--sandy alluvium
Landform--plane to concave slopes in meander channels or low islands within the main river channel on flood plains
Slope--0 to 2 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual precipitation--380 to 620 millimeters
Mean air annual temperature--7 to 11 degrees C
Frost-free period--130 to 165 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Grable,
Haynie,
Meckling,
Sarpy, and
Ticonic soils.
Grable--are at higher landscape positions on stream terraces and have a clay content that averages 12 to 16 percent in the upper half of the particle-size control section
Haynie--are at higher landscape positions on stream terraces and have a clay content that averages 15 to 18 percent in the particle-size control section
Meckling--are at higher landscape positions and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 0.75 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Sarpy--are at higher landscape positions on stream terraces and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Ticonic--are at higher landscape positions on stream terraces and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--poorly or very poorly drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs within depths of 0 to 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--100.00 to 705.00 micrometers per second
Flooding--frequently or occasionally flooded for long duration.
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are in native vegetation. The native vegetation community is dominated by hydrophytes including cattails, rushes, horsetails, or willows.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Provinces--Central Lowland and Great Plains
Physiographic sections--Western lake section and High Plains
MLRAs--Northern Rolling Pierre Shale Plains (63A),
Southern Rolling Pierre Shale Plains (63B),
Till Plains (102B), and
Loess Uplands (102C)
LRRs G and M; Flood plains and islands along the Missouri River in South Dakota
Extent--small
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Clay County, South Dakota, 1993. The name is that of a township in Clay County.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 25 to 100 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 5 centimeters (A horizon);
aquic feature--redoximorphic features with chroma of 2 or less above a depth of 1 meter;
aquic moisture regime.
Norway soil was formerly mapped as Riverwash and Fluvaquents, wet, in previous surveys.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.