LOCATION HELLWIG MN
Established Series
CTS-RTR-AGG
02/2011
HELLWIG SERIES
The Hellwig series consists of very deep, poorly drained soils that formed in glaciofluvial sediments and the underlying till on lake washed till plains. Slopes range from 0 to 2 percent. Mean annual air temperature is about 4 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is about 711 cm.
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Typic Epiaqualfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Hellwig sandy loam with a plane slope of 1 percent on a lake washed till plain under a mixed hardwood and coniferous forest at an elevation of about 411 meters. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 8 cm; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots and common medium roots; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary. (3 to 10 cm thick)
E--8 to 18 cm; brown (10YR 5/3) loamy sand; very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and very fine roots; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 15 cm thick)
Bw1--18 to 36 cm; 60 percent brown (10YR 4/3) loamy sand and 40 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium platy structure parting to weak fine subangular blocky; very friable; many fine and very fine roots and common medium roots; many fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw2--36 to 58 cm; 50 percent grayish brown (2.5Y 5/2) and 50 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loamy sand; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine and very fine roots and common medium roots; many medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and few medium prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) Fe concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bw3--58 to 81 cm; 50 percent yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) and 50 percent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure parting to single grain; very friable parting to loose; common fine roots and few medium roots; common medium prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) Fe depletions and dark red (2.5YR 3/6) Fe concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 41 to 94 cm)
2Bt1--81 to 94 cm; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam; weak thick platy structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; few fine roots; common discontinuous prominent gray (5Y 5/1) clay films in root channels and on faces of peds; many fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6 and 7.5YR 5/8) Fe concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt2--94 to 130 cm; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; very few fine roots; common discontinuous prominent dark gray (5Y 4/1) clay films in root channels and on faces of peds; many medium and coarse prominent greenish gray (5GY 5/1) Fe depletions and common medium prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary
2Bt3--130 to 152 cm; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; very few fine roots; few discontinuous prominent greenish gray (5GY 6/1) clay films in root channels and faces of peds; common medium prominent greenish gray (5GY 5/1) Fe depletions and common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; about 5 percent gravel; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizons is 25 to 102 cm)
2BC--152 to 203 cm; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) clay loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; firm; very few fine roots; very few patchy prominent greenish gray (5GY 5/1) and dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films in root channels and faces of peds; common fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) Fe concentrations; about 8 percent gravel; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: St. Louis County, Minnesota; about 3.5 miles south of the town of Cotton; 600 feet west and 2,300 feet north of the southeast corner of section 34, T. 54 N., R. 17 W.; USGS Canyon quadrangle, latitude 47 degrees 07 minutes 03 seconds N. and longitude 92 degrees 28 minutes 29 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to till ranges from 51 to 102 cm. The depth to free carbonates is 127 to greater than 203 cm. Rock fragment content in the upper mantle ranges from 0 to 10 percent with 0 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 2 percent cobbles and 0 to 1 percent stones, however some pedons may have a thin gravelly lag layer at the till contact. Rock fragment content in the underlying till ranges from 2 to 10 percent with 2 to 10 percent gravel, 0 to 2 percent cobbles and 0 to 1 percent stones.
The A horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3 and chroma of 1 to 3. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam or silt loam. It is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The E horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 1 to 3. It is loamy sand, sand or loamy fine sand. It is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 6. It is loamy sand, sand or loamy fine sand and allows thin subhorizons of sandy loam. These horizons have common to many redoximorphic features. It is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2Bt horizons have hue of, 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 4. It is clay loam or loam. It is strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2BC horizon has a typical hue of 5YR but includes 2.5YR and 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam or clay loam. It is slightly acid to neutral.
The 2C horizon, when present, has a typical hue of 5YR but includes 2.5YR and 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6 and chroma of 2 to 4. It is loam or clay loam. It is slightly acid to slightly alkaline.
COMPETING SERIES: This are the
Eldes and
Schisler series. The poorly drained Eldes soils have a loamy mantle that is 0 to 41 cm thick and that has less than 70 percent sand. The Eldes series has dense till within 203 cm and has carbonates at depths of greater than 203 cm. The poorly drained Schisler soils average less than 70 percent total sand in the upper mantle.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Hellwig soils are on nearly level or slightly concave slopes on lake washed till plains. Slope gradients ranges from 0 to 2 percent. Hellwig soils formed in glaciofluvial sediments 51 to 102 cm thick and the underlying till from the St. Louis sub lobe of the Des Moines of the late Wisconsin glaciation. The mean annual air temperature is 3 to 5 degrees C. Mean annual precipitation is 500 to 762 mm. Annual frost-free days range from 90 to 120. The elevation above sea level ranges from 300 to 400 meters.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Baden,
Cathro,
Dusler,
Ellsburg,
Melrude, and
Schisler soils. The very poorly drained Baden soils are in shallow depressions, swales and along the edges of depressions of organic soils. The very poorly drained Cathro soils are in depressions. The somewhat poorly drained Dusler soils are on slightly more convex positions and formed in fine-loamy till. The poorly drained Ellsburg, Melrude, and Schisler soils are on similar landscape positions. The Ellsburg soils formed in fine loamy till. The Melrude soils formed in loamy sediments 152 or more cm thick. The Schisler soils formed in 51 to 102 cm of loamy sediments over loamy glacial till.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Poorly drained. Surface runoff is negligible to very low. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is 42.34 to 141.14 micrometers per second (6 to 20 inches per hour) in the upper mantle and .42 to 1.41 micrometers per second (0.06 to 0.20 inches per hour) in the lower part. The Hellwig soils have perched and apparent seasonal high saturation. In the spring saturation is at the surface in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: This soil is typically forested. Over story vegetation includes quaking aspen, paper birch, and balsam fir. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MRLA-88. Northeastern Minnesota. Moderately extensive.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Louis County, (Duluth subset), Minnesota, 2007.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 18 cm (A and E horizon); argillic horizon - the zone from 81 to 152 cm (2Bt horizons); aquic condition - prolonged saturation at 13 cm below the surface. These red parent materials do not show reduced soil matrix color typical of other parent materials. 2/17/2011-TYPE LOCATION error was corrected.
National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.