LOCATION HOLSTEIN MOEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, active, mesic Typic Paleudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Holstein loam - on a 12 percent north-facing slope in a pasture at an elevation of 535 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap1--0 to 5 inches; dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate very fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 10 percent (2 mm-10 cm) chert gravel; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. (3 to 9 inches thick)
Ap2--5 to 9 inches; strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) clay loam, reddish yellow (7.5YR 6/6) dry; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; peds surrounded by dark brown (10YR 4/3) loam; moderate very fine granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; 10 percent fine (2 mm to 8 mm) chert gravel; medium acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
B1--9 to 13 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; common dark brown (10YR 4/3) worm casts; 10 percent fine (2 mm to 8 mm) chert gravel; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 6 inches thick)
B21t--13 to 30 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/6) clay loam; strong fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; thick discontinuous clay films on faces of peds; 5 percent fine (2 mm to 8 mm) chert gravel; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
B22t--30 to 46 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and very fine subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; thin continuous clay films on faces of prisms; 10 percent fine (2 mm to 8 mm) chert gravel; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
B23t--46 to 65 inches; yellowish red (5YR 5/8) sandy clay loam; common coarse distinct brown (7.5YR 5/4) mottles; moderate medium prismatic structure; firm; few fine concretions (Fe and Mn oxides) coarse black (10YR 2/1) stains; 10 percent fine (2 mm to 8 mm) chert gravel; very strongly acid. (Combined thickness of the B2t horizon is 24 to 80 inches.)
TYPE LOCATION: Montgomery County, Missouri; about 2 1/2 miles southeast of Bigspring; approximately 1,290 feet south and 2,250 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 2, T. 46 N., R. 5 W.; USGS Pinnacle Lake quadrangle, lat. 38 degrees 47 minutes 33 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 26 minutes 47 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness is more than 60 inches. The coarse fragment content of the solum ranges from 1 to 10 percent except in the A horizon that ranges to as much as 15 percent and contains most of the fragments 3 inches or more in size.
The Ap horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 through 4 in the upper part and hue of 10YR, 7.5YR, or 5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6 in the lower part. Some pedons have thin A1 horizons of dark brown (10YR 3/3) or very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) that have value of 4 upon mixing to depths of 7 inches. The A horizon is loam, fine sandy loam, or silt loam. Reaction is medium acid to slightly acid.
The B horizon horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 5YR, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 4 through 8. Mottles in the lower parts of the B horizon are 10YR or 7.5YR hue, value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 2 through 4. The B1 horizon is loam or clay loam. The B2t horizon is clay loam in the upper part and clay loam, sandy clay loam, or loam in the lower part. The upper 20 inches of the argillic horizon averages between 27 and 35 percent clay and more than 15 percent fine sand and coarser. The B horizons range from very strongly acid through medium acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Britwater, Negley, Pomme, and Sonora series. Britwater soils contain considerably more coarse fragments in the upper parts of the sola and more than 35 percent in all parts below depths of about 30 inches. Negley soils have stratification in the solum and contain rounded pebbles of mixed mineralogy in the solum and as much as 25 percent in some parts of the B horizon. Pomme and Sonora soils are semiactive. In addition, Sonora soils have argillic horizons formed in loamy materials in the upper part and materials weathered from colluvium of sandstones and shales in the lower part, and are semiactive.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Holstein soils are on uplands generally in foot slope positions that lie below exposures of sandstone bedrock and above the lowland terraces and recent alluvial bottom lands. They formed in colluvium or residuum weathered from a mixture of sandstone, limestone, and shale. Slope ranges from 5 to 35 percent. The mean annual temperature ranges from 54 to 57 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation ranges from 34 to 45 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Gasconade, Goss, Menfro, and Winfield soils on the uplands and the Cedargap soils on the adjacent narrow floodplains. Gasconade and Goss soils occupy positions above or below Holstein soils. Gasconade soils have mollic epipedons and a lithic contact at depths of 10 to 20 inches. Goss soils have clayey-skeletal argillic horizons. Menfro and Winfield soils are on higher positions in the landscape and are fine-silty. Cedargap soils are loamy-skeletal.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is medium to high. Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for pasture or forest. Some small areas are cropped to small grains and hay. Native vegetation was mixed hardwoods.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Missouri (MLRAs 115 and 116B). The series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Montgomery and Warren Counties, Missouri Soil Survey, 1975.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface of the soil to 9 inches (Ap1 and Ap2 horizons)
Argillic horizon - the zone from 13 to 65 inches (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons)