LOCATION WINFIELD MO+IL

Established Series
Rev. RWF-KDV-TJE
05/2020

WINFIELD SERIES

The Winfield series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils formed in loess on hills and stream terraces. Slope ranges from 2 to 45 percent. Mean annual temperature is 12.8 degrees C (55 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is 914 millimeters (36 inches.

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Winfield silt loam - on an 8 percent, northwest-facing slope in pasture. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)

Ap--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine granular structure; friable; common fine roots; few dark brown (10YR 3/3) stains; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [13 to 25 centimeters (5 to 10 inches) thick]

E--15 to 25 centimeters (6 to 10 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches) thick]

BE--25 to 36 centimeters (10 to 14 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 15 centimeters( 0 to 6 inches) thick]

Bt1--36 to 56 centimeters (14 to 22 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; common fine roots; many faint brown clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Bt2--56 to 76 centimeters (22 to 30 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; many faint brown clay films on faces of peds; some peds coated with gray silt; common fine very dark brown iron-manganese concretions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg1--76 to 109 centimeters (30 to 43 inches); variegated light brownish gray (10YR 6/2), brown (7.5YR 4/4), and yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; many faint clay films on faces of peds; very thick light brownish gray clay coatings on flows on some vertical prism faces; many very dark brown iron-manganese concretions; very strongly acid; gradual smooth boundary.

Btg2--109 to 137 centimeters (43 to 54 inches); gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium subangular blocky; firm; few fine roots; many distinct clay films on vertical faces of prisms; few faint clay films on other faces of peds; many fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in ped interiors; many very dark brown iron-manganese masses; very strongly acid; diffuse wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt and Btg horizons is 51 to 109 centimeters (20 to 43 inches).]

Cg--137 to 183 centimeters (54 to 72 inches); gray (10YR 6/1) silt loam; massive; friable; few fine roots; many fine prominent brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of oxidized iron in ped interiors; common very dark brown iron-manganese masses; moderately acid.

TYPE LOCATION: Boone County, Missouri; 990 feet east and 330 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 33, T. 48 N., R. 13 W.; USGS Huntsdale topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 54 minutes 30 seconds N. and long. 92 degrees 23 minutes 50 seconds W., WGS84.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to bedrock: greater than 200 centimeters (79 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 64 to 200 centimeters or more (25 to 79 inches)
Depth to redox depletions or dominant chroma of 2 or less: present above a depth of 100 centimeters (40 inches)
Series control section: averages less than 10 percent sand throughout

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

A horizon, where present:
Thickness: less than 15 centimeters (6 inches)
Hue: 10YR
Value: 3 or 4, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma: 2 or 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to neutral

E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid

BE horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 or 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam

Bt horizon, upper part:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6

Bt horizon, lower part, and Btg horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 6

Bt and Btg horizons:
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: clay maximum commonly is 30 to 35 percent but can range to 40 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly acid

Some pedons have a BC or BCg horizon.

Cg or C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 1 to 4
Texture: silt loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Baraboo, Birkbeck, Cadiz, Campton, Elco, Eleroy, Inton, Iona, Libre, Mayville, Minnith, Morningsun, Redbud, Rocheport, Rockfield, Somonauk, and Uniontown series. Baraboo, Eleroy, and Rocheport soils have a lithic or paralithic contact within a depth of 200 centimeters. Birkbeck, Campton, Elco, Libre, Mayville, Minnith, Morningsun, Rockfield, and Somonauk soils have more than 10 percent sand in some subhorizon within the series control section. Cadiz soils have rock fragments within the series control section. Inton soils have a matrix with a hue yellower than 10YR within 76 centimeters (30 inches) of the surface. Iona soils have carbonates within a depth to 200 centimeters. Redbud soils have a lithologic discontinuity (lacustrine deposits) in the lower part of the series control section. Uniontown soils have calcium carbonate concretions in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Winfield soils are on ridgetops, sideslopes, summits, shoulders, and backslopes of hills, and on treads of high stream terraces. The soils formed in loess. Slope gradients are dominantly 2 to 20 percent with an extreme range up to 45 percent. Mean annual temperature ranges from 11.1 to 13.9 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F). Mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1,067 (32 to 42 inches).

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Menfro, Marion and Weller soils. The Winfield series is the moderately well drained soil in a drainage sequence with the well drained Menfro soils and commonly are on lower slopes. The somewhat poorly drained Marion and the moderately well drained Weller soils contain more clay in the series control section and are upslope from the Winfield soils.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTVITY: Moderately well drained. In undisturbed areas, depth to the top of a perched seasonal high water table ranges from 61 to 100 centimeters (2.0 to 3.5 feet) between November and April in normal years. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.0 to 14.11 micrometers/sec). Permeability is moderate.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cleared and used to grow soybeans, small grains, corn, hay, and pasture. Remaining areas are in hardwood forest. Native vegetation is deciduous hardwoods (oak and hickory).

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: MLRAs 107, 112, and 115 in central and eastern Missouri bordering the river valleys of the Missouri and Mississippi Rivers, and in west-central and southwestern Illinois on loess hills along the Mississippi River. The type location is in MLRA 115. The series is of large extent.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: St. Charles County, Missouri, 1947.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Ochric epipedon: from the surface to a depth of 36 centimeters (14 inches) (Ap, E, and BE horizons).
Argillic horizon: from a depth of 36 to 137 centimeters (14 to 54 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Btg1, and Btg2 horizons).
Aquic conditions: matrix color with chroma of 2 or less in horizons below a depth of 76 centimeters (30 inches) (Btg1, Btg2, and Cg horizons).

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.