LOCATION KANEVILLE ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Kaneville silt loam - on a north-facing convex slope of 2 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of 233 meters (765 feet). (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; common very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick]
Bt1--20 to 30 cm (8 to 12 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--30 to 48 cm (12 to 19 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; common very fine roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt3--48 to 66 cm (19 to 26 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate fine and medium subangular blocky; friable; common very fine roots; common faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds and on surfaces along pores; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings in root channels and in pores; common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese concretions throughout; common fine faint light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt4--66 to 86 cm (26 to 34 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; common very fine roots; common faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese concretions throughout; common fine yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; common medium distinct light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) and common medium faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt5--86 to 107 cm (34 to 42 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) silt loam; weak medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine rounded black (7.5YR 2.5/1) manganese concretions throughout; common fine yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) very weakly cemented iron-manganese concretions throughout; many coarse distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) and common coarse faint brown (10YR 5/3) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon ranges from 51 to 114 cm (20 to 45 inches.)]
2Bt6--107 to 142 cm (42 to 56 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common very fine roots; few faint brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; common coarse distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; slightly alkaline; gradual wavy boundary. [10 to 51 cm (4 to 20 inches) thick]
2C--142 to 203 cm (56 to 80 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) sandy loam; massive; very friable; 5 percent gravel; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Kane County, Illinois; about 1.6 km (1 mile) south of Kaneville; 427 m (1,400 feet) north and 24 m (80 feet) west of the southeast corner of sec. 34, T. 39 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Big Rock topographic quadrangle; lat. 41 degrees 48 minutes 42 seconds N., and long. 88 degrees 31 minutes 43 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16, 0373033 easting and 4629994 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of soil development ranges from 102 to 178 cm (40 to 70 inches). Depth to carbonates is greater than 102 cm (40 inches). The depth to horizons containing greater than 10 percent sand is 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches). The dominant clay mineral in the silty layer is smectite and that in the outwash is illite.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry), and chroma of 1 to 3. It is silt loam. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral, depending upon liming practices.
An E horizon, where present, has hue of 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silt loam.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. The lower part of the Bt horizon contains redoximorphic features which have chroma of 2 to 8. Texture is silty clay loam or silt loam. Average clay content ranges from 25 to 34 percent. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the upper part and from moderately acid to slightly alkaline in the lower part.
The 2Bt and/or 2BCt horizons has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 to 6. Redoximorphic features have chroma of 2 to 8. Texture is loam, clay loam, silt loam or sandy loam. Gravel content is less than 10 percent. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 to 6. Redoximorphic features have chroma of 2 to 8. The 2C horizon typically is stratified. Textures include loam, sandy loam, sandy clay loam, silt loam, loamy sand, and clay loam. Gravel content is less than 15 percent. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to moderately alkaline. Some pedons contain carbonates.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Barony, Downsouth, Grays, Hedrick, Juda, Newvienna, Richview, Throckmorton, Vasa, Windere, and Wingate series. Barony, Grays, Windere, and Wingate soils have horizons with more than 10 percent sand within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Downsouth, Hedrick, Newvienna, Richview, and Throckmorton soils contain less than 10 percent sand in all parts of the series control section. Juda soils have carbonates within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Vasa soils have a well graded sand fraction in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Kaneville soils are on loess covered till plains, outwash plains, stream terraces or pingos all thought to be of Wisconsinan Age. Slope gradients range from 0 to 10 percent. These soils formed in 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 inches) of loess or other silty material and in loamy stratified outwash. The mean annual temperature ranges from 8 to 12 degrees C (46 to 53 degrees F). Mean annual precipitation ranges from 760 to 1020 mm (30 to 40 inches). Frost free days range from 140 to 180. The elevation ranges from 200 to 311 m (655 to 1,020 feet) above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the competing Barony soils, and Drummer, Elburn, Flanagan, and Virgil soils. The Barony soils are on similar landform positions nearby where the loess mantle is thinner. The poorly drained Drummer soils have mollic epipedons and are on nearly level positions and in depressions. Elburn, Flanagan, and Virgil soils are generally less sloping and are somewhat poorly drained.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Moderately well drained. An intermittent apparent seasonal high water table is at a depth of 61 to 107 cm (2.0 to 3.5 feet) below the surface at some time between February and April in most years. The potential for surface runoff is low on the gentle slopes and medium on the steeper slopes. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the upper part of the solum and moderately high to high (4.23 to 42.33 micrometers per second) in the lower part of the solum and in the substratum. Permeability is moderate in the upper part of the solum and moderate or moderately rapid in the lower part of the solum and in the substratum.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of these soils are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hay are the major crops. Native vegetation is a mixture of prairie grasses and trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central and northern Illinois. The extent is small in MLRAs 95B and 108.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: DeKalb County, Illinois, 1998. The name Kaneville is from the village of Kaneville, in Kane County which is near the type location.
REMARKS: This soil was formerly mapped as Batavia in DeKalb County. Through MLRA update activities these soils were found to be moderately well drained instead of well drained and fit an oxyaquic subgroup rather than a typic subgroup.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon ? 0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches) (Ap horizon); argillic horizon ? 20 to 142 cm (8 to 56 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Bt5 and 2Bt6 horizons); udic moisture regime.