LOCATION RICHVIEW ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Richview silt loam. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
Ap--0 to 7 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 9 inches thick)
E--7 to 12 inches; dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, some mixing of very dark grayish brown from above; weak thin platy structure parting to weak fine granular; friable; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (4 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--12 to 17 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--17 to 24 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; strong medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint reddish brown (5YR 4/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; strongly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--24 to 31 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; many prominent grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine faint reddish brown (5YR 4/4) masses of iron and manganese accumulation in the matrix; very strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
Bt4--31 to 40 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; many prominent dark gray (10YR 4/1) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; many dark concretions (iron and manganese oxides) throughout; very strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 18 to 40 inches.)
2Bt5--40 to 55 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; weak coarse angular blocky structure; friable; few distinct gray (10YR 5/1) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; sand grains readily evident (about 15 percent sand); strongly acid; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 18 inches thick)
2BC--55 to 60 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
2C1--60 to 75 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; massive; very friable; many medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
2C2--75 to 80 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) sandy loam; massive; very friable; many medium distinct brown (7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral.
TYPE LOCATION: Shelby County, Illinois; about 2 miles southwest of Stewardson; 1914 feet west and 100 feet north of the southeast corner of sec. 8, T. 9 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Shumway, Illinois topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 13 minutes 50.51 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 39 minutes 48.7 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16S 0356413E 4343488N.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The solum is about 42 to 65 inches in thickness. The loess is 30 to 50 inches in thickness. The control section averages 27 to 35 percent clay. Depth to carbonates is greater than 65 inches. The loamy deposits beneath the loess contain more sand than the overlying loess.
The Ap or A horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, (4 or 5 dry), and chroma of 1 through 3. It is silt loam and is strongly acid to neutral. Eroded soils may have silty clay loam Ap horizons.
The E horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is silt loam or silty clay loam and is strongly acid to neutral. It is often incorporated into the Ap horizon in areas that are farmed.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 through 6. Typically the redoximorphic features in the upper part have redder hue or higher chroma, and they grade to yellower hue or lower chroma in the lower part. The texture is dominantly silty clay loam but includes silt loam in some subhorizons. It is very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2Bt or 2BC horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 3 through 6 with redoximorphic features that range from red to gray in color. It is silt loam, loam, or clay loam. Sand content is greater than 15 percent. It is very strongly acid to slightly acid.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y, value of 4 through 6, and chroma of 1 through 4. It is loam, clay loam, sandy loam, or, less commonly, silt loam. It is slightly acid or neutral.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Barony, Downsouth, Grays, Kaneville, Throckmorton, Windere, and Wingate series. Barony, Kaneville, and Windere soils have a soil temperature control section that averages less than 55 degrees F. Downsouth soils contain less than 7 percent fine sand and coarser in the lower part of the series control section. Grays, Throckmorton, and Wingate soils have carbonates within a depth of 65 inches.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Richview soils are on knobs and ridges in relatively undissected parts of the loess covered Illinoisan till plain. Slope gradients range from 1 to 15 percent. Richview soils formed in 30 to 50 inches of loess and in the underlying loamy deposits. Richview soils may be underlain, at depths of about 5 to 7 feet, by a strongly developed paleosol. Mean annual temperature varies from 53 to 57 degrees F, and mean annual precipitation from 36 to 45 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Cisne, Hickory, and Hoyleton soils. The somewhat poorly drained Hoyleton soils and the poorly drained Cisne soils are in a drainage sequence with Richview soils, and are the most common associates. The well drained Hickory soils occur on steeper slopes, commonly greater than 15 percent.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Runoff ranges from medium to high. Permeability is moderate. Ksat is 0.1 to 1.0 (ms-1). Richview soils have a water table within 2 to 4 feet of the surface during the period February through April in normal years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, small grain, and meadow are the principal crops. Native vegetation was prairie grasses and widely spaced shrubs and trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Southern Illinois. The extent is small.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Wayne County, Illinois, 1926.
REMARKS: Classification was adjusted to agree with Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 9th Edition, 2003.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 7 inches (Ap horizon);
albic horizon - the zone from 7 to 12 inches (E horizon);
argillic horizon - the zone from a depth of 12 to 55 inches (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, and 2Bt5 horizons);
lithologic discontinuity from loess to loamy deposits at a depth of 40 inches.