LOCATION KENOSHA COEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-loamy, mixed, superactive Ustic Calcicryepts
TYPICAL PEDON: Kenosha loam, on a southwest facing, 5 percent slope in grassland at an elevation of 2728 meters (8,960 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise noted.) Described on June 3, 1988.
A--0 to 5 cm (0 to 2 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, slight sticky and slightly plastic; 5 percent indurated gravel; neutral (pH 7.2); abrupt smooth boundary. (5 to 15 cm thick)
Bk1--5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 10 percent indurated gravel; common fine carbonate masses in the matrix; violently effervescent; 18 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.0); abrupt smooth boundary.
Bk2--15 to 46 cm (6 to 18 inches); pale brown (10YR 6/3) parachannery clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; weak medium subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 10 percent indurated gravel; 10 percent parachanners; many fine carbonate masses in the matrix; violently effervescent; 26 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.4); clear wavy boundary.
Bk3--46 to 61 cm (18 to 24 inches); light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) parachannery clay loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) moist; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; hard, friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; 10 percent indurated gravel; 10 percent parachanners; common fine carbonate masses in the matrix; violently effervescent; 12 percent calcium carbonate equivalent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2); abrupt wavy boundary. (combined thickness of the Bk horizons: 36 to 94 cm)
Cr--61 to 107 cm (24 to 42 inches); moderately cemented limestone.
TYPE LOCATION: Park County, Colorado; about 6 kilometers (4 miles) northwest of Hartsel; about 800 feet south and 200 feet west of the northeast corner of Sec. 10, T. 12 S., R. 76 W.; Hartsel USGS quad; lat. 39 degrees 01 minutes 32 seconds N. and long. 105 degrees 52 minutes 06 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture: The soil moisture control section is usually dry in late spring and early summer, moist in some part in late July and August, and intermittently dry in fall; ustic regime bordering on aridic.
Mean annual soil temperature: 2.8 to 5.0 C (37 to 41 degrees F)
Mean summer soil temperature: 10.6 to 14.4 degrees C (51 to 58 degrees F)
Depth to paralithic contact: 51 to 102 cm to limestone and sandstone
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 inches)
Depth to calcic horizon: 5 to 20 cm (2 to 8 inches)
Thickness of the ochric: 5 to 15 cm (2 to 6 inches)
Particle-size control section (weighted averages):
Noncarbonate clay content: 20 to 26 percent
A horizon
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5 dry; 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry; 2 or 3 moist
Clay content: 18 to 27 percent
Gravel content: 0 to 10 percent, indurated
Organic matter content: 2.0 to 4.0 percent
Bk horizons
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry; 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry; 2 to 6 moist
Texture: loam, parachannery clay loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Carbonate clay content: 1 to 3 percent
Gravel content: 5 to 15 percent, indurated
Parachanner content: 5 to 15, moderately cemented
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 15 to 26 percent in the upper part, 10 to 20 percent in the lower part
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline (pH 7.4 to 8.4)
COMPETING SERIES: This is the
Knep series.
Knep soils have an ustic soil moisture regime that does not border aridic.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: slope alluvium derived from Pennsylvanian age limestone and sandstone, commonly associated with the Minturn and Belden Formations
Landform: side slopes and base slopes of hills
Slopes: 1 to 25 percent
Elevation: 2713 to 2926 meters (8,900 to 9,600 feet)
Mean annual temperature: 1.7 to 3.9 degrees C (35 to 39 degrees)
Mean annual precipitation: 254 to 356 mm (10 to 14 inches)
Precipitation pattern: Monthly precipitation is lowest in winter and greatest in July and August.
Frost-free period: 50 to 80 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Newett and Gebson series. The Newett soils are shallow and are on side slopes, nose slopes, and crests of hills. The Gebson soils are very deep and are on pediments.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained, moderately slow permeability.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are for livestock grazing and wildlife habitat. Native vegetation consists mainly of Arizona fescue, Indian ricegrass, blue grama, mountain muhly, needleandthread, and western wheatgrass.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Colorado; LRR E, MLRA 48B; small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Park County, Colorado, Teller-Park soil survey area, Colorado, 2010. The name is taken from the Kenosha Mountains and Kenosha Pass in the northern part of Park County.
REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Series control section: The zone from 0 to 86 cm.
Particle-size control section: The zone from 25 to 61 cm. (Bk2, Bk3 horizons)
Ochric epipedon: The zone from 0 to 5 cm. (A horizons)
Calcic horizon: The zone from 5 to 46 cm. (Bk1, Bk2 horizons)
Paralithic contact: The contact with limestone at 61 cm. (Cr layer)
The assignment of the cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomic Version: Classified according to Keys to Soil Taxonomy, 11th Edition, 2010.