LOCATION KIONA                   WA

Established Series
Rev. JJR/KWH/RWL
12/2022

KIONA SERIES

Landscape--hills, canyonlands
Landform--hillslopes, canyon slopes
Slope--0 to 120 percent
Parent material--mixed colluvium derived from basalt and loess
Mean annual precipitation--about 200 mm
Mean annual air temperature--about 11 degrees C
Depth class--very deep
Drainage class--well drained
Soil moisture regime--aridic
Soil temperature regime--mesic
Soil moisture subclass--xeric

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy-skeletal, mixed, superactive, mesic Xeric Haplocambids

TYPICAL PEDON: Kiona cobbly silt loam in an area of grassland (All textures are apparent field textures.)

A--0 to 10 cm; cobbly silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; many fine roots; many very fine and fine irregular pores; 10 percent angular basalt gravel and 10 percent cobbles; slightly alkaline (pH 7.4); abrupt wavy boundary

Bw--10 to 51 cm; cobbly silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry, dark brown (10YR 3/3) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and slightly plastic; common fine roots; common fine irregular pores; 10 percent angular basalt gravel, 15 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; slightly alkaline (pH 7.6); abrupt irregular boundary

Bk--51 to 150 cm; extremely cobbly loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) moist; massive; soft, very friable, slightly sticky and slightly plastic; few fine roots; common very fine and fine irregular pores; 35 percent angular basalt gravel, 30 percent cobbles, and 5 percent stones; violently effervescent; moderately alkaline (pH 8.2)

TYPE LOCATION: Benton County, Washington, about 1.5 km southeast of Gibbon; in the SE1/4NW1/4 of section 25, T. 9 N., R. 25 E., Willamette Meridian

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Mean annual air temperature--10 to 13 degrees C
Soil moisture--dry in all parts between depths of 20 to 60 cm more than one-half the time the soil temperature is higher than 5 degrees C (dry about 115 to 130 days)
Depth to secondary carbonates--30 to 90 cm
Particle-size control section--averages 5 to 15 percent clay and 35 to 75 percent angular basalt fragments
Assumed average organic carbon content in upper 20 cm--less than 0.6 percent

A horizon
Value--5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma--2 or 3 dry or moist
Reaction--6.6 to 7.8
Thickness--5 to 23 cm

Bw horizon
Color--similar to that of A horizon
Texture of fine-earth fraction--silt loam, very fine sandy loam, loam
Textural modifers--cobbly, very cobbly, very gravelly
Reaction--7.4 to 8.4
Thickness--20 to 74 cm

Bk horizon
Value--5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma--2 to 4 dry or moist, commonly influenced by dark-colored basalt sand
Texture of fine-earth fraction--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, silt loam
Textural modifiers--very cobbly, very gravelly, extremely gravelly, extremely cobbly, cobbly in some thin subhorizons

COMPETING SERIES:
Cewat--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (basalt); 15 to 25 percent clay in particle-size control section
Darkcanyon--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (schist); 25 to 35 percent clay and dominantly channers and flagstones in particle-size control section
Drinkwater--20 to 35 percent clay in particle-size control section; 15 to 45 cm deep to calcium carbonate accumulation (8 to 15 percent CaCO3 equivalent)
Lonegrave--50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a lithic contact (igneous rock); 20 to 35 percent clay in particle-size control section
Finley--50 to 100 cm deep to sandy-skeletal lithologic discontinuity (2C horizon)
Minat--15 to 27 percent clay and 35 to 60 percent rock fragments, dominantly chert, shale, and mixed volcanic rock gravel, in particle-size control section
Nibbs--53 to 104 cm deep to lithologic discontinuity of stratified sand and gravel (3C horizon); more than 15 percent clay in particle-size control section; mean annual soil temperature of 8 to 9 degrees C
Veet--35 to 60 percent rock fragments, dominantly granitic, andesitic, and welded tuff gravel, and sandy loam or loamy sand in particle-size control section
Veta--35 to 75 percent rock fragments, dominantly mixed igneous rock gravel, in particle-size control section; fine-earth fraction of sandy loam and strata of loamy sand in lower part of particle-size control section (Ck horizon)
Wifton--mean annual soil temperature of 8 to 10 degrees C; fine-earth fraction of sandy loam in particle-size control section; 60 to 80 percent rock fragments, dominantly stones and cobbles of mixed rock sources, in particle-size control section

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Elevation--60 to 760 m
Climate--arid; hot, dry summers; cool, moist winters
Mean annual precipitation--dominantly 150 to 230 mm, but ranges to 310 mm on north-facing slopes
Mean January air temperature--about -2 degrees C
Mean July air temperature--about 22 degrees C
Mean annual air temperature--9 to 12 degrees C
Frost-free season--135 to 210 days

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS:
Bakeoven--on uplands; 10 to 25 cm (very shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Finley--on alluvial fans; sandy-skeletal in lower part of particle-size control section
Ritzville, Shano--on hills; coarse-silty; no rock fragments
Starbuck--on uplands; 30 to 50 cm (shallow) to a lithic contact (basalt)
Taunton--on terraces; 50 to 100 cm (moderately deep) to a duripan
Warden--on terraces; coarse-silty; no rock fragments

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--well drained
Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksat)--moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION:
Use--mainly domestic livestock grazing
Vegetation--Wyoming big sagebrush, bluebunch wheatgrass, Sandberg bluegrass, mustard, needleandthread, Thurber needlegrass

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Washington; MLRAs 7 and 8; moderate extent

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Portland, Oregon

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Benton County, Washington; 1971

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon
*Ochric epipedon
*Cambic horizon--zone from 10 to 51 cm
*Carbonate accumulation--zone from 51 to 150 cm; 1 to 5 percent calcium carbonate equivalent
*Particle-size control section--zone from 25 to 100 cm

Many of the rock fragments have a violently effervescent coating of lime on one side. Because of colluvial movement, the orientation of the coated side is not consistent.

---

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.