LOCATION KIPSON KS+NE

Established Series
Rev. JCR, SAS, DJK
07/2020

KIPSON SERIES

The Kipson series consists of shallow and very shallow, somewhat excessively drained soils that formed in residuum weathered from calcareous silty shales. Kipson soils are on hillslopes on uplands in the Central Kansas Sandstone Hills, MLRA 74. Slopes range from 1 to 70 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 840 millimeters (33 inches) and the mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Loamy, mixed, superactive, mesic, shallow Udorthentic Haplustolls

TYPICAL PEDON: Kipson silty clay loam, on a west-facing, convex, 12 percent slope in native grassland at an elevation of 448 meters (1470 feet). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches); dark gray (10YR 4/1) silty clay loam, very dark gray (10YR 3/1) moist; moderate medium and fine granular structure; slightly hard, friable; many fine and very fine roots; strong effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (6 to 12 inches thick)

AC--20 to 33 centimeters (8 to 13 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam, brown (10YR 4/3) moist; weak fine subangular blocky structure; slightly hard, friable; common fine and very fine roots; 10 percent gravel, mostly shale; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. (0 to 10 inches thick)

C--33 to 48 centimeters (13 to 19 inches); yellow (10YR 7/6) and very pale brown (10YR 7/3) channery silty clay loam, brownish yellow (10YR 6/6) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) moist; massive; slightly hard, friable; few fine and very fine roots; roots spread horizontally on contact with Cr horizon; 30 percent gravel, mostly shale; violent effervescence; moderately alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick)

Cr--48 to 76 centimeters (19 to 30 inches); very pale brown (10YR 7/4) and yellow (10YR 7/6) shale and chalky limestone; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Morris County, Kansas. About 32 kilometers (20 miles) west of Council Grove; 75 feet north and 2,330 feet west of the southeast corner of sec. 29, T. 16 S., R. 5 E.; Lost Springs USGS quad; lat. 38 degrees 37 minutes 26.4 seconds N. and long. 96 degrees 54 minutes 2.4 seconds W., NAD83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture control section: The soil moisture control section is intermittently moist in some part from March through October; driest in November through February; ustic moisture regime bordering on udic
Mean annual soil temperature: 12 to 14 degrees C (54 to 58 degrees F)

Depth to paralithic contact: 15 to 50 centimeters (6 to 20 inches)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate: 0 to 9 inches
Thickness of the mollic epipedon: 15 to 30 centimeters (6 to 12 inches)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 15 to 35 percent
Sand content: 15 to 52 percent

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 or 2 dry or moist
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content: 15 to 35 percent
Sand content: 2 to 15 percent
Pararock fragments: 0 to 35 percent by volume
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 10 to 30 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline

AC horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 3 to 5 moist
Chroma: 2 to 4 dry or moist
Texture: channery silt loam, channery silty clay loam, channery loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Sand content: 2 to 30 percent
Pararock fragments: 0 to 35 percent by volume
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 25 to 45 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline

C horizon:
Hue: 10YR to 2.5Y
Value: 5 to 7 dry, 4 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6 dry or moist
Texture: channery silt loam, channery silty clay loam, channery loam, silt loam, silty clay loam, or loam.
Clay content: 18 to 35 percent
Sand content: 2 to 30 percent
Pararock fragments: 0 to 35 percent by volume
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 40 to 60 percent
Reaction: Moderately alkaline or strongly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: There are no competing series.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Residuum derived from weathered calcareous silty shales.
Landform: hillslopes on uplands
Slopes: Commonly 1 to 15 percent and range to 70 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 11 to 14 degrees C (52 to 57 degrees F)
Mean annual precipitation: 640 to 840 millimeters (25 to 33 inches)
Precipitation pattern: Precipitation is usually evenly distributed throughout the year with the exception of November through February being the driest months and May and June being the wettest months. Summer precipitation occurs during intense summer thunderstorms.
Frost-free period: 165 to 185 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Armo, Benfield, Clime, Irwin, Sogn, and Tully soils.
Armo and Tully soils are deep and are on footslopes.
Benfield soils are moderately deep and occur on gentle slopes immediately above the Kipson soils.
Clime soils are moderately deep and are on similar landscape positions as Kipson soils.
Irwin soils are deep and are higher on landscape above Kipson soils.
Sogn soils have lithic contact and occurs immediately above Kipson soils.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: Somewhat excessively
Runoff: Medium to very high
Saturated hydraulic conductivity: moderately high

USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly used for native rangeland. Native vegetation is mid and short grasses with some tall grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North-central and northeastern Kansas and southeastern and south-central Nebraska. Land Resource Regions H, Central Great Plains Winter Wheat and Range Region and M, Central Feed Grains and Livestock Region; Major Land Resource Areas 74, 75, 76, and 106. The series is extensive, about 150,000 acres.

SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (SSRO) RESPONSIBLE: Salina, Kansas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Saline County, Kansas, 1952.

REMARKS:
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: The zone from 25 to 48 centimeters (10 to 19 inches). (AC, C horizons)
Mollic epipedon: The zone from 0 to 20 centimeters (0 to 8 inches). (A horizon)
Paralithic contact: The contact with shale bedrock at 19 inches. (Cr horizon)

lrr=h
Changed "C1" to "C".
Edited the first paragraph in the "Range in Characteristics".
Removed all soils that was not in the same family as Kipson.
Minor edit to the "Geographically Associated Soil" paragraph.
From the Soils Interpretation Record added, "Frost-Free period", "Clay Content" and "Sand Content" to the Range in Characteristics.

06/2020 DJK
Updated depths to metric; updated introduction paragraph; added in lat/long for type location; added sand content, rock fragments, and CCE to RIC; added AC horizon to RIC; added precipitation pattern; updated runoff and Ksat; updated distribution and extent.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.