LOCATION LISMOD ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Aquic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Lismod silt loam - on a south-facing slope of 1 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of 256 meters (841 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; common fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 30 cm (6 to 12 inches) thick]
AB--20 to 38 cm (8 to 15 inches); very dark gray (10YR 3/1) silt loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate medium granular; friable; common fine roots; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [0 to 20 cm (0 to 8 inches) thick]
Bt1--38 to 48 cm (15 to 19 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable; few fine roots; few faint brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; common distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--48 to 66 cm (19 to 26 inches); dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable; few very fine roots; common distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coatings on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; few fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--66 to 79 cm (26 to 31 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable; few very fine roots; many faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; common fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary.
Bt4--79 to 89 cm (31 to 35 inches); brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; friable; few very fine roots; many faint dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; common fine faint brown (7.5YR 4/4) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 20 to 61 cm (8 to 24 inches).]
2Bt5--89 to 99 cm (35 to 39 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/3) clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to weak medium angular blocky; friable; few fine roots; many faint brown (7.5YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; common fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; few fine faint brown (7.5YR 5/2) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles, 2 to 5 millimeters in diameter; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [5 to 25 cm (2 to 10 inches) thick]
2C1--99 to 122 cm (39 to 48 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; massive; friable; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common fine distinct gray (7.5YR 5/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 2 percent pebbles, 1 to 5 millimeters in diameter; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2C2--122 to 152 cm (48 to 60 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; massive; friable; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; common medium distinct pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) and few fine distinct gray (7.5YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent pebbles, 1 to 5 millimeters in diameter; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary.
2C3--152 to 203 cm (60 to 80 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/4) loam; massive; friable; few fine black (7.5YR 2.5/1) iron-manganese oxide concretions throughout; common medium distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation in the matrix; many medium distinct pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) and few fine distinct gray (7.5YR 6/1) iron depletions in the matrix; 3 percent pebbles, 1 to 5 millimeters in diameter; violently effervescent, moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Boone County, Illinois; about 8.8 km (5.5 miles) north of Garden Prairie; 786 m (2,580 feet) south and 786 m (2,580 feet) west of the northeast corner of sec. 35, T. 45 N., R. 4 E; USGS Garden Prairie topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 20 minutes 07 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 44 minutes 05 seconds W., NAD 27; UTM Zone 16T, 357087 easting and 4688477 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The depth to the base of soil development ranges from 61 to 107 cm (24 to 42 inches). The depth to carbonates and the depth to horizons with greater that 15 percent sand range from 51 to 102 cm (20 and 40 inches). The thickness of the mollic epipedon commonly ranges from 25 to 51 cm (10 to 20 inches). Rock fragments range from a few pebbles to 15 percent in the lower one-half of the series control section.
The Ap, A, or AB horizon has hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 through 3. It is silt loam. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to neutral.
Some pedons have a BA horizon instead of an AB horizon.
The Bt horizon has hue of 10YR or 2.5Y; value of 4 through 6; and chroma of 2 through 4. Redoximorphic features have chroma of 1 through 6. Texture is silty clay loam or silt loam. Clay content ranges between 24 and 35 percent. Reaction ranges from moderately acid to slightly alkaline.
The 2Bt or 2BC horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 through 6; and chroma of 2 through 6. Redoximorphic features have chroma of 1 through 8. Texture is clay loam or loam. Clay content ranges between 20 and 34 percent, and sand content ranges between 20 and 45 percent. Reaction ranges from slightly acid to slightly alkaline. The calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 0 to 20 percent.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y; value of 4 through 6; and chroma of 2 through 6. Redoximorphic features have chroma of 1 to 8. Texture is loam or sandy loam. Clay content ranges between 15 and 20 percent, and sand content ranges between 30 and 60 percent. Reaction is slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline. The calcium carbonate equivalent ranges from 15 to 40 percent.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Arrowsmith, Bearpen, Brenton, Edwardsville, Elburn, Grundelein, Hacreek, Harco, Higginsville, Keller, Lafayette, Lawndale, Lisbon, Loran, Mundelein, Muscatune, Raub, Rooks, Rowley, and Shannondale series. Arrowsmith, Edwardsville, Hacreek, Harco, Higginsville, Muscatune, and Rooks soils average less than 15 percent sand in the lower one-half of the series control section. Bearpen, Brenton, Elburn, Keller, Lafayette, Lawndale, Loran, Raub, Rowley, and Shannondale soils are deeper than 102 cm (40 inches) to carbonates. Grundelein soils average more than 15 percent gravel in the lower part of the series control section. Lisbon soils have a bulk density of more than 1.70 g/cm3 in the lower part of the series control section. Mundelein soils have a poorly graded sand fraction in the lower one-half of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Lismod soils are on nearly level to gently sloping glacial till plains and moraines. Slope gradients range from 0 to 4 percent. These soils formed in 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) of loess or other silty material and in the underlying loamy till. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 7 to 11 degrees C (45 to 52 degrees F), mean annual precipitation ranges from 762 to 1016 mm (30 to 40 inches), frost free days range from 140 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 207 to 320 m (679 to 1050 feet) above sea level.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Caprell, Geryune, Parmod, and Pella soils. The well drained Caprell and Parmod soils are on higher, more sloping parts of the landform. The moderately well drained Geryune soils form a drainage sequence with Lismod soils and are on higher positions on the landform. The poorly drained Pella soils are in depressions and drainageways.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Somewhat poorly drained. An intermittent apparent seasonal high water table is at a depth of 1 to 2.5 feet below the surface at some time between January and May in most years. The potential for surface runoff is low or medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second). Permeability is moderate.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are cultivated. Corn, soybeans, small grain, and meadow are the principal crops. Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Illinois. Extent is small in MLRA 95B.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Boone County, Illinois, 1996. Lismod is a name derived from the Lisbon series and a moderate permeability class.
REMARKS: Through MLRA update investigations, it was determined that some areas which were mapped Lisbon were moderately permeable and others were moderately slowly permeable. Lisbon was assigned moderately slow permeability. The Lismod series will be used in those areas which have a moderate permeability class.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 38 cm (15 inches) (Ap and AB horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from about 38 to 99 cm (15 to 39 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, and 2Bt5 horizons); discontinuity at 89 cm (35 inches) - the contact between the Bt4 and 2Bt5 horizons.