LOCATION NEWVIENNA IA+IL MNEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Newvienna silt loam, on an interfluve with a convex slope of about 7 percent, in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 18 centimeters; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) dry; few brown (10YR 4/3) streaks and pockets of subsoil material; weak fine granular and weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. (15 to 25 centimeters thick)
Bt1--18 to 25 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt2--25 to 48 centimeters; brown (10YR 4/3) and brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct dark brown (10YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; few dark concretions (manganese oxides); few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt3--48 to 66 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) silty clay loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; common fine distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) redoximorphic concentrations; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.
Bt4--66 to 94 centimeters; mottled grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) silty clay loam; weak fine and medium prismatic structure; friable; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on faces of peds; few dark concretions (manganese oxides); moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 60 to 92 centimeters.)
Btg--94 to 107 centimeters; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; extremely coarse prismatic structure; friable; few distinct grayish brown (10YR 5/2) clay films on ped faces; few dark concretions (iron and manganese oxides); common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 18 centimeters thick)
Cg--107 to 152 centimeters; light brownish gray (2.5Y 6/2) silt loam; massive; friable; few dark concretions (iron and manganese oxides); common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) redoximorphic concentrations; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, Dubuque County, Iowa subset; about 1 mile south of New Vienna; located about 2,090 feet east and 110 feet north of southwest corner of section 8, T. 89 N., R. 2 W.; USGS New Vienna topographic quadrangle; lat. 42 degrees 31 minutes 49 seconds N. and long. 91 degrees 06 minutes 23 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to carbonates--more than 203 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--22 to 35 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--less than 10 percent
A or Ap horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 30 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
Special features--when mixed to a depth of 18 centimeters, matrix value is 3 or less, moist, 5 or less, dry
E horizon (where present):
Hue--10YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--15 to 30 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to neutral
In some cultivated areas the E horizon is mixed in the Ap horizon
Bt horizon:
Hue--10YR or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6 in upper part, 2 to 8 in lower part
Texture--silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content--22 to 35 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Redoximorphic concentrations or redoximorphic depletions occur in the lower parts of this horizon
Btg horizon:
Hue--10YR to 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--1 to 2
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--15 to 30 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--very strongly acid to slightly acid
Redoximorphic concentrations with high value and chroma are typical in this horizon
BCg or Cg horizon:
Hue--7.5YR to 2.5Y
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 8
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--20 to 30 percent
Sand content--less than 10 percent
Reaction--strongly acid to slightly acid
Rock fragment content--0 percent
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Barony,
Downsouth,
Grays,
Hedrick,
Juda,
Kaneville,
Richview,
Throckmorton,
Vasa,
Windere, and
Wingate series.
Barony--have a sand content of more than 15 percent within a depth of 100 centimeters
Downsouth--are in areas that have a mean annual air temperature range of 12 to 14 degrees C
Grays--have carbonates within a depth of to 100 centimeters
Hedrick--have a clay content of 25 to 34 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Juda--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters and have a clay content of 29 to 40 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Kaneville--have a sand content of more than 10 percent within a depth of 150 centimeters
Richview--have a sand content of more than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Throckmorton--have carbonates within a depth of 152 centimeters and have a sand content of more than 30 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Vasa--have a sand content of 25 to 45 percent and a rock fragment content of 2 to 15 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Windere--have a sand content of more than 15 percent within a depth of 100 centimeters, have carbonates within a depth of 150 centimeters, and have a rock fragment content of 2 to 15 percent in the lower two thirds of the series control section
Wingate--have a clay content of 15 to 27 percent, a sand content of 25 to 50 percent, and a rock fragment content of 1 to 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loess
Landform--interfluves and side slopes on uplands
Slope--0 to 20 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--7 to 12 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--735 to 1,170 millimeters
Frost-free period--160 to 225 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Atterberry,
Downs,
Lindley, and
Orion soils.
Atterberry--are at higher landscape positions on interfluves and have a frequently saturated zone at a depths of 0.3 during the wettest periods of normal years
Downs--are at higher landscape positions on interfluves and side slopes and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of normal years
Lindley--are at lower landscape positions on side slopes and have a sand content of more than 8 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Orion--are at lower landscape positions in drainageways and have a clay content that averages 10 to 18 percent in the particle-size control section
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs at a depth of 0.6 meter during April to June in normal years and is considered apparent
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second
Surface runoff potential--negligible to medium
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grains, and legume hay. The native vegetation is big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, other grasses of the tall grass prairie and mixed deciduous trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic Division--Interior Plains
Physiographic Province--Central Lowland
Physiographic sections--Eastern lake section, Wisconsin driftless section, Till plains, and Dissected till plains
MLRAs--Southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois Drift Plain (95B),
Eastern Iowa and Minnesota Till Prairies (104),
Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105),
Illinois and Iowa Deep Loess and Drift (108),
Iowa and Missouri Heavy Till Plain (109),
Southern Illinois and Indiana Thin Loess and Till Plain (114), and
Central Mississippi Valley Wooded Slopes (115)
LRR M; eastern Iowa, southeastern Minnesota and southwestern Wisconsin
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Dubuque County, Iowa, 1983
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 18 to 68 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, and Bt4 horizons);
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters (Ap, Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, Btg, and Cg horizons).
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 18 centimeters (Ap horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from 18 to 107 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, Bt3, Bt4, and Btg horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Mollic Oxyaquic subgroup based on colors of ochric epipedon and a zone of saturation within 100 centimeters for 20 or more consecutive days or 30 or more cumulative days in normal years.
Cation-exchange activity class is inferred from lab data from similar soils in the surrounding area.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
These soils have been included in the Exette and Downs mapunits in previous soil surveys.
Saturation data is available in the Dubuque County Soil Survey field notes at Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa.