LOCATION OTOE NE

Established Series
MEW, SAS, JCR
10/2012

OTOE SERIES

The Otoe series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils that formed in loess over till. Otoe soils are on loess covered glaciated uplands. Slopes range from 2 to 11 percent. Mean annual air temperature is 13 degrees C. (55 degrees F.), and mean annual precipitation is 84 centimeters (33 inches).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, smectitic, mesic Aquertic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Otoe silty clay loam on a 8 percent convex southwest-facing slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) crushed, silty clay loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; hard, friable; common very fine and fine roots throughout; common very fine tubular pores; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (8 to 18 centimeters (3 to 7 inches) thick)

Bt1--15 to 38 centimeters (6 to 15 inches); 80 percent dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) crushed, and 20 percent brown (10YR 5/3) crushed, silty clay, grayish brown (10YR 5/2) and pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; common very fine and fine roots throughout; many very fine tubular pores; continuous clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and common very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats on faces of peds and in pores; few fine irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation and few fine and medium rounded light gray (2.5Y 7/2) iron depletions and few fine rounded masses of iron-manganese concretions; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--38 to 56 centimeters (15 to 22 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3), crushed, silty clay, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) dry; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm; common fine roots between peds; many very fine and fine tubular pores; continuous clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds and few faint very dark gray (10YR 3/1) organic coats; few fine irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) soft masses of iron accumulation and few fine rounded soft masses of iron-manganese concretions; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt3--56 to 81 centimeters (22 to 32 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3) crushed, silty clay, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) dry; weak medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; very hard, firm; common fine roots in cracks; common fine tubular pores; continuous clay films on vertical and horizontal faces of peds; common fine irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common very coarse irregular gray (2.5Y 6/1) iron depletions; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt is 25 to 81 centimeters (10 to 32 inches) thick)

BC--81 to 102 centimeters (32 to 40 inches); light olive brown (2.5Y 5/3), crushed, silty clay loam, light yellowish brown (2.5Y 6/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; very hard, firm; common very fine roots in cracks; common fine tubular pores; patchy clay films on faces of peds; many medium and coarse irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) soft masses of iron accumulation and common rounded soft masses of iron manganese concretions; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (13 to 30 centimeters (5 to 12 inches) thick)

C1--102 to 127 centimeters (40 to 50 inches); gray (5Y 5/1) crushed silty clay loam, light gray (2.5Y 7/2) dry; massive; hard, friable; common fine roots in cracks; common fine tubular pores; common medium and coarse irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) soft masses of iron accumulation and few coarse cylindrical iron concretions throughout; neutral; gradual wavy boundary

C2--127 to 145 centimeters (50 to 57 inches); brown (7.5YR 5/2), crushed, silty clay loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; massive; hard, friable; common very fine roots in cracks; common fine tubular pores; many medium and coarse irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation and common rounded soft masses of iron-manganese concretions; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.

2C3--145 to 200 centimeters (57 to 80 inches); brown (7.5YR 4/3), crushed, clay loam, brown (7.5YR 5/3) dry; massive; hard, friable; common very fine roots in cracks; common fine tubular pores; common fine irregular yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation and common rounded soft masses of iron-manganese concretions; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Gage County, Nebraska; about 3 kilometers (2 miles) south and 5 kilometers (3 miles) west of Cortland. 625 meters (2050 feet) south and 305 meters (1000 feet) east of the northwest corner of sec. 21, T. 6 N., R. 6 E.; USGS Claytonia topographic quadrangle; lat. 40 degrees 28 minutes 26.8 seconds N. and long. 96 degrees 45 minutes 26.3 seconds W., NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Soil moisture control section: wet from March to May
Moisture regime: udic
Mean annual soil temperature: 11 to 13 centimeters (51 to 56 degrees F.)
Depth to argillic horizon: 8 to 18 centimeters (3 to 7 inches)
Depth to secondary calcium carbonate, in some pedons: 76 to 127 centimeters (30 to 50 inches)
Depth to redox concentrations: 8 to 18 centimeters (3 to 7 inches)
Depth to redox depletions: 8 to 18 centimeters (3 to 7 inches)
Depth to episaturation: 30 to 91 centimeters (12 to 36 inches) from March to May
Vertic features: presence of linear extensibility of 6.0 cm or more at 8 to 81 centimeters (3 to 32 inches)
Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Sand content: 1 to 10 percent

A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3, 3 or 4 dry
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: Silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 45 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to slightly acid

Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 2 to 4
Redoximorphic Concentrations: hue: 10YR or 7.5YR; value: 5; chroma: 6 or 8
Redoximorphic Depletions: hue: 10YR or 2.5Y; value: 5 or 6; chroma: <2
Texture: Silty clay or silty clay loam
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Reaction: Moderately acid to neutral
Note: Some horizons contain a BC horizon.

C horizon:
Hue: 7.5 YR, 2.5Y or 5Y
Value: 5 or 6, 6 or 7 dry
Chroma: 1 or 2
Redoximorphic Concentrations: hue: 10YR or 7.5YR; value: 4 or 5; chroma: 6 or 8
Texture: Silty clay loam or silt loam
Clay content: 27 to 40 percent
Reaction: Slightly acid to moderately alkaline

2C horizon, typically below depths of 40 inches:
Hue: 7.5YR
Value: 3 to 5, 4 to 6 dry
Chroma: 3 to 6
Redoximorphic Concentrations: hue: 10YR, 7.5YR or 5YR; value: 4 to 6; chroma: 6 or 8
Texture: Clay loam, silty clay loam, or clay
Clay content: 27 to 45 percent
Reaction: Neutral to slightly alkaline

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Armstrong, Clafork, Malmo, Mystic, and Pering series.
Armstrong and Malmo soils have greater than 10 percent sand in the particle control section.
Clafork, Mystic and Pering soils do not allow carbonates in the solum

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: Loess over till
Landform: Narrow summits, shoulders and side slopes on uplands
Slopes: 2 to 11 percent
Mean annual air temperature: 11 to 13 degrees C. (51 to 56 degrees F.)
Mean annual precipitation: 76 to 89 centimeters (30 to 35 inches)
Frost-free period: 160 to 180 days.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Burchard, Deroin, Judson, Pawnee, and Wymore soils.
Burchard and Deroin soils contain less clay in the argillic horizon.
Burchard soils formed in till and are lower on the landscape than Otoe soils.
Deroin soils are on similar slopes.
Judson soils have a mollic surface layer greater than 61 centimeters (24 inches) thick and are on footslopes below areas of Otoe soils.
Pawnee soils formed in till, have mollic surface layers and are below areas of Otoe soils.
Wymore soils have mollic surface layers and are on upland interfluves and side slopes above areas of Otoe soils.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage: moderately well
Runoff: high or very high
Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity: moderately low
Seasonal high saturation zone: 30 to 91 centimeters (1 to 3 feet)
Months: March to May

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of Otoe soils are cultivated.
Wheat, soybeans, corn, sorghum and alfalfa are the principal crops.
Some areas have been reseeded to native grass.
Native vegetation is mostly tall and some mid grasses.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Otoe soils are moderately extensive in southeast Nebraska and adjacent parts of Kansas.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Denver, Colorado

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Gage County, Nebraska, 1996.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Particle-size control section: 15 to 65 centimeters (6 to 26 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons)
Ochric epipedon: 0 to 15 centimeters (0 to 6 inches) (Ap horizon)
Argillic horizon: 15 to 81 centimeters (6 to 32 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons)
Redoximorphic concentrations: 15 to 203 centimeters (6 to 80 inches)
Redoximorphic depletions: 56 to 81 centimeters (22 to 32 inches) (Bt3 horizons)
Vertic features: presence of linear extensibility of 6.0 cm or more at 15 to 65 centimeters (6 to 26 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, and Bt3 horizons)
Episaturation: 30 to 91 centimeters (12 to 36 inches) (Bt1, Bt2 and Bt3 horizons)
Lithologic discontinuity: at the upper boundary of the 2C3 horizon
lrr=M
date: 08/27/96

ADDITIONAL DATA: These soils were previously mapped as Wymore eroded and severely eroded. These soils are assumed to have originally classified as Aquertic Argiudolls. However because of erosion these soils no longer have a mollic epipedon. In addition the part of the soil containing the most clay is now at or near the surface. These soils are wet close enough to the surface for long enough periods that planting or harvesting operations are adversely affected during prolonged wet periods.

This is a new series to replace Wymore eroded and Wymore severely eroded.

Modified format by LRM in 7/2006 to include metric conversion and change permeability to saturated hydraulic conductivity.

CL 6/2008, Edited English errors and converted SE units to metric.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.