LOCATION PAWHUSKA OK

Established Series
BGB Rev.GFS:JLD
02/2016

PAWHUSKA SERIES

The Pawhuska series consists of very deep, moderately well drained, very slowly permeable soils that formed predominantly in clayey material weathered from interbedded sandstones and shales of Permian age. These nearly level to gently sloping soils are on treads of paleoterraces in the Central Rolling Red Prairies (MLRA 80A). Mean annual precipitation is 860 mm (34 in), and mean annual air temperature is 15 degrees C (59 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, superactive, thermic Mollic Natrustalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Pawhuska silt loam in rangeland, at an elevation of 305 m (1000 ft). (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)

A--0 to 8 cm (0 to 3 in); grayish brown (10YR 5/2) silt loam, very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) moist; weak thin and medium platy structure parting to moderate fine granular; hard, friable; many fine roots; noneffervescent; neutral; abrupt wavy boundary. (Thickness of the A horizon is 5 to 28 cm [2 to 11 in])

Btn--8 to 25 cm (3 to 10 in); brown (7.5YR 4/2) silty clay, dark brown (7.5YR 3/2) moist; moderate medium columnar structure parting to strong fine blocky; very hard, firm; common fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few grayish coatings on tops of columns; noneffervescent; slightly alkaline; clear smooth boundary. (Thickness of the Btn horizon is 15 to 43 cm [6 to 17 in])

Btkn1--25 to 46 cm (10 to 18 in); reddish gray (5YR 5/2) silty clay, dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) moist; moderate medium blocky structure; extremely hard, firm; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; many fine concretions of calcium carbonate; noneffervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.

Btkn2--46 to 76 cm (18 to 30 in); reddish brown (5YR 5/3) silty clay; reddish brown (5YR 4/3) moist; moderate medium blocky structure; extremely hard, firm; few fine roots; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; few fine black concretions; many fine concretions of calcium carbonate; few fine soft accumulations of calcium carbonate; noneffervescent; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary.

Btkn3--76 to 127 cm (30 to 50 in); reddish brown (5YR 5/3) silty clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) moist; weak medium blocky structure; extremely hard, firm; few fine roots; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine black concretions; common fine concretions of calcium carbonate; few fine soft accumulations of calcium carbonate; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline; gradual smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Btkn horizon is 102 to 203 cm [40 to 80 in])

Btkn4--127 to 203 cm (50 to 80 in); reddish brown (5YR 5/3) silty clay loam, reddish brown (5YR 4/3) moist; weak medium and coarse blocky structure; extremely hard, firm; few distinct clay films on faces of peds; common fine black concretions; few fine concretions of calcium carbonate; few fine soft accumulations of calcium carbonate; slight effervescence; moderately alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Osage County, Oklahoma; about 2 miles south and 6 miles west of Burbank; about 500 feet south and 380 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 11, T. 25 N., R. 4 E.

USGS topographic quadrangle: Charley Creek East, OK
Latitude 36 degrees, 39 minutes, 54 seconds N
Longitude 96 degrees, 50 minutes, 7 seconds W
Datum: NAD 83

Decimal Degrees:
Latitude: 36.6650000 degrees
Longitude: -096.8352778 degrees

UTM Easting: 693463 m
UTM Northing: 4059893 m
UTM Zone: 14

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to bedrock: more than 203 cm (80 in)
Depth to secondary carbonates: 25 to 89 cm (10 to 35 in)

Particle-size control section (weighted average):
Clay content: 35 to 50 percent
Exchangeable sodium percentage: 15 to 26 percent

A or Ap horizon:
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3 dry or moist
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Effervescence: noneffervescent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

E horizon (where present):
Hue: 5YR to 10YR
Value: 5 to 8 dry, 3 to 6 moist
Chroma: 2 to 6 dry or moist
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Effervescence: noneffervescent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Btn horizon:
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 or 5 dry, 2 or 3 moist
Chroma: 1 to 3 dry or moist
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay
Sodium adsorption ratio: 2 to 10
Electrical conductivity (mmhos/cm): 2 to 16
Effervescence: noneffervescent
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline

Btkn horizons:
Hue: 2.5YR to 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 8
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent by volume; size-2 to 76 mm; kind-sandstone, shale
Identifiable secondary carbonate: amount-0 to 5 percent by volume; size-2 to 76 mm; kind-concretions
Salts: soluble salts occur in some pedons
Sodium adsorption ratio: 5 to 20
Electrical conductivity (mmhos/cm): 2 to 16
Effervescence: none to slight
Reaction: slightly acid to moderately alkaline

BC horizon (where present):
Hue: 2.5YR or 5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay
Mottles: shades of brown, gray, or red occur in some pedons
Rock fragments: amount-0 to 5 percent by volume; size-2 to 76 mm; kind-sandstone, shale
Identifiable secondary carbonate: amount-0 to 5 percent by volume; size-2 to 76 mm; kind-concretions
Salts: soluble salts occur in some pedons
Sodium adsorption ratio: 2 to 10
Electrical conductivity (mmhos/cm): 2 to 6
Effervescence: none
Reaction: slightly alkaline to moderately alkaline

Cd horizon (where present):
Bedrock kind: soft reddish sandstone interbedded with calcareous reddish, yellowish, brownish, or grayish shale
Cementation: noncemented
Fractures: greater than 10 cm (4 in) apart

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Drummond and Huska series in the same family. Drummond soils: have redox feature higher up in the soil profile
Huska soils: have bedrock between the depths 102 to 152 cm (40 to 60 in)

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material: formed predominantly in clayey material weathered from interbedded sandstones and shales of Permian age
Landscape: Hills
Landform: They occur in slightly concave areas on treads on paleoterraces in the Central Rolling Red Prairies (MLRA 80A).
Slope: 0 to 5 percent
Climate: Udic-Ustic
Mean Average Annual Precipitation: 660 to 1020 mm (26 to 40 in)
Mean Annual Air Temperature: 14 to 18 degrees C (58 to 64 degrees F)
Frost-free period: 181 to 240 days
Elevation: 270 to 325 m (885 to 1066 ft)
Thornthwaite Annual P-E indices: 44 to 64

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Corbin, Kirkland, and Norge series. These soils do not have a natric horizon and occur on similar landform positions.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY:
Drainage: moderately well drained
Permeability: very slow
Runoff: very high

USE AND VEGETATION: Areas are used mainly for grazing livestock and are in native range or tame pasture. Native vegetation is midgrass prairie. Some areas are cultivated. Small grains are the principal crops.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: North central Oklahoma; LRR H; Central Rolling Red Prairies (MLRA 80A). The series is moderately extensive.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Temple, Texas

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Osage County, Oklahoma; 1975.

REMARKS:

Pawhuska soils were formerly correlated as slickspots Updated extensively as a result of the SDJR Initiative. (JLD 02/2016)

Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
Mollic epipedon: 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 in) (A and Btn horizon)
Natric horizon: 8 to 203 cm (3 to 80 in) (Btn and Btkn horizons)

ADDITIONAL DATA: NSSL, Lincoln, Nebraska Lab. No. 79-OK053-025; 88-OK053-005; 93-OK109-004; and 97-OK087-001

Unpublished thesis of Bobby Gene Stewart, Morphology, Genesis, and Classification of Saline-Sodic Soils in North Central Oklahoma. Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, August 1969.

Taxonomic Version: Keys to Soil Taxonomy, Twelfth Edition, 2014

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.