LOCATION PEROTE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, active, frigid Haplic Glossudalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Perote fine sandy loam - on a 3 percent slope in a hardwood forest at an elevation of about 972 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oa--0 to 2 inches; black (7.5YR 2/1) highly decomposed plant material; about 12 percent fiber; weak medium granular structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 10 percent sand grains; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 2 inches thick)
Bw1--2 to 4 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 3/4) fine sandy loam; weak fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 3 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
Bw2--4 to 11 inches; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; many fine roots; about 7 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bw horizons is 0 to 12 inches)
E/B--11 to 16 inches; 70 percent brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak medium platy structure; very friable; extends as tongues into reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam (Bt); moderate fine angular blocky structure; friable; few distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; common fine roots; about 3 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
B/E--16 to 29 inches; 80 percent reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam (Bt); moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm; many distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) sandy loam (E), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak medium platy structure; very friable; common fine roots; about 2 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Glossic horizon - 9 to 20 inches thick)
Bt1--29 to 39 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots; common distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds; many prominent pale brown (10YR 6/3) coatings of clean sand grains on vertical faces of prisms; about 3 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
Bt2--39 to 51 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) fine sandy loam; weak coarse prismatic structure parting to weak coarse angular blocky, with moderate fine plates inherited from the parent material; friable; few fine roots; few distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/3) clay films on faces of peds and many in pores; common distinct pale brown (10YR 6/3) coatings of clean sand grains on vertical faces of prisms; about 3 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizons is 5 to 30 inches)
2C--51 to 62 inches; primarily pale brown (10YR 6/3) stratified sand and coarse sand that has a few thin interbedded strata of fine sand; loose; few fine roots; about 9 percent gravel as an average; slightly alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Menominee County, Wisconsin; about 6 miles northeast of Keshena; 2,340 feet west and 1,070 feet south 0f the northeast corner of section 29; T. 29 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Legend Lake quadrangle; lat. 44 degrees 58' 8" N. and long. 88 degrees 34' 43" W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: (Unless otherwise stated, depth and thickness are measured from the top of the mineral soil.) Thickness of the loamy mantle and depth to sandy outwash range from 40 to 60 inches. The weighted average clay content ranges from 8 to 18 percent and the weighted average content of fine sand or coarser ranges from 35 to 65 percent in the particle-size control section. Volume of gravel ranges from 2 to 15 percent in the loamy mantle and from 0 to 35 percent as a weighted average in the sandy outwash. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout the pedon. Reaction ranges from very strongly acid to slightly acid in the upper part of the loamy mantle and strongly acid to neutral in the lower part. Reaction is slightly to moderately alkaline in the sandy outwash.
The Oa horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is a mat of highly decomposed plant material.
Some pedons have an A horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 or 2. It is fine sandy loam.
Some pedons have a thin E horizon with hue of 10YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam.
The Bw horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam.
Some pedons have an E' horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 or 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. It is loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam.
Perote soils have a glossic horizon (E/B or B/E horizons, or both). The E part has color and texture like the E' horizon above. The Bt part has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam.
The Bt horizon has color and texture like the Bt part described above. Some pedons have thin strata of Bt material in the upper part of the sandy outwash.
Some pedons have a thin 2Bt horizon with hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is sand, loamy sand, or the gravelly analogs.
The 2C horizon has hue of 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 3 or 4. It is stratified sand, coarse sand, or the gravelly analogs.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Millersburg series. Millersburg soils have a sand or loamy sand mantle that ranges from 11 to 20 inches thick.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Perote soils are on moraines. Slope gradients range from 2 to 35 percent. Perote soils formed in deep, loamy glacial till underlain by calcareous, sandy outwash. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 120 to 135 days. Elevation ranges from 870 to 1,150 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Frechette(T), Lablatz(T), and Rabe(T) soils. The well drained Frechette and somewhat poorly drained Lablatz soils form a drainage sequence on nearby areas where the till is very deep. The well drained Rabe soils are on nearby areas where there is a sandy mantle 20 to 40 inches thick over the till.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Surface runoff is slow to rapid. Permeability is moderate in the loamy till and rapid or very rapid in the sandy outwash.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are mostly in woodland. Timber stands are mostly red maple, northern red oak, eastern white pine, and quaking aspen with American beech, white oak, northern pin oak, sugar maple, American basswood, white ash, and paper birch as associates in most stands. Black cherry and red pine are associates in some stands. Some areas are cleared and used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay. Some areas are used for pastureland.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Wisconsin. The extent is small. The area is currently included in MLRA K93. It will be included in MLRA L95A when MLRA boundaries are updated. It is on the Silver Cliff Member of the Kewaunee Formation of the Green Bay Lobe of Late Woodfordian age (12,000 BP) of Late Wisconsinian glaciation.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Menominee County, Wisconsin, 1999. Source of the name is a creek in Menominee County.
REMARKS: Perote soils formerly were included with the fine-loamy Tilleda Variant soils.
Diagnostic horizons and other features recognized in this pedon: glossic horizon - 11 to 29 inches (E/B, B/E); argillic horizon - 16 to 51 inches (B/E, Bt1, Bt2).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey number S96WI-078-642 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.