LOCATION SARWET WI+MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Alfic Oxyaquic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Sarwet sandy loam - on a convex, east facing 3 percent slope in a hardwood forest on the summit of a drumlin at an elevation of about 1,510 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 5 inches; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) sandy loam, dark gray (10YR 4/1) dry; moderate medium granular structure; friable; few coarse, common medium, and many fine roots; many fine interstitial pores; common uncoated sand grains; 2 percent gravel and about 3 percent cobbles; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (0 to 5 inches thick)
E--5 to 6 inches; brown (7.5YR 5/2) loamy sand, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; weak fine platy structure; very friable; few coarse, common medium, and many fine roots; many fine interstitial pores; 2 percent gravel and about 3 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; abrupt broken boundary. (0 to 4 inches thick)
Bs1--6 to 11 inches; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) sandy loam; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; very friable; few coarse, common medium, and many fine roots; many fine interstitial pores; 2 percent gravel and about 3 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; clear broken boundary.
Bs2--11 to 22 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; weak medium subangular blocky structure; very friable; few coarse, common medium, and many fine roots; many fine interstitial pores; few small areas of brown (7.5YR 4/3) loamy sand; 6 percent gravel and about 3 percent cobbles; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bs horizons ranges from 6 to 20 inches)
E/B1--22 to 30 inches; 70 percent pale brown (10YR 6/3) gravelly sandy loam (E'), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak medium platy structure; very friable; surrounds remnants of brown (7.5YR 4/4) gravelly sandy loam (Bt); moderate fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) clay films on faces of peds; common fine and medium roots; common fine and few medium tubular pores; few fine prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) and dark red (2.5YR 3/6) masses of iron accumulation; few prominent dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) concretions (iron and manganese oxides); few small areas of strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) loamy sand; 12 percent gravel and about 3 percent cobbles; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
E/B2--30 to 44 inches; 60 percent brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly loamy sand and gravelly sandy loam (E'), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate medium platy structure; very friable; extends as tongues into and surrounds remnants of brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly sandy loam (Bt); weak very fine angular blocky structure; friable; breaks to moderate medium plates along horizontal cleavage planes inherited from the parent material; few distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine and medium roots; few fine tubular pores; few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; few distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) concretions (iron and manganese oxides); many uncoated sand grains on faces of plates; few thin broken layers of light pale red (2.5YR 6/2) and reddish brown (5YR 5/3) sandy loam and loam that have many fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; 26 percent gravel and about 5 percent cobbles; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
B/E1--44 to 58 inches; 55 percent brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly sandy loam (Bt); moderate very fine angular blocky structure; friable; breaks to moderate medium plates along horizontal cleavage planes inherited from the parent material; common distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy loam and gravelly loamy sand (E'), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate medium platy structure; very friable; few fine roots; few fine prominent red (2.5YR 4/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; few distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 2/2) concretions (iron and manganese oxides); many uncoated sand grains on faces of plates; 14 percent gravel and about 5 percent cobbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
B/E2--58 to 71 inches; 80 percent brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly sandy loam (Bt); moderate very fine angular blocky structure; firm; breaks to moderate medium plates along horizontal cleavage planes inherited from the parent material; common distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (10YR 5/3) gravelly sandy loam (E'), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; weak medium platy structure; very friable; few fine tubular pores; few fine prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common uncoated sand grains primarily on vertical faces of peds; 15 percent gravel and about 5 percent cobbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Glossic horizon- 8 to 50 inches thick)
Bt--71 to 84 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) gravelly sandy loam; moderate very fine angular blocky structure; firm; breaks to moderate medium plates along horizontal cleavage planes inherited from the parent material; few fine tubular pores; common distinct dark reddish brown (5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; few fine prominent dark red (2.5YR 3/6) and yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; 20 percent gravel and about 5 percent cobbles; slightly acid; gradual wavy boundary. (0 to 25 inches thick)
C--84 to 90 inches; brown (7.5YR 4/3) very gravelly sandy loam; massive; friable; 39 percent gravel and about 10 percent cobbles; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Lincoln County, Wisconsin; about 6 miles east and 1 mile north of Bradley; 225 feet south and 330 feet west of the northeast corner of sec. 4, T. 35 N., R. 5 E.; USGS Bradley, WI quad.; lat. 45 degrees, 33' 17" N., long. 89 degrees, 51' 34" W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: (Unless otherwise stated, depth and thickness are measured from the top of the mineral soil.) Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 35 to more than 80 inches. Clay content averages from 5 to 17 percent and content of fine sand or coarser averages from 45 to 70 percent in the particle-size control section. Volume of rock fragments averages less than 35 percent in the particle-size control section. Volume of gravel ranges from 1 to 40 percent and volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 15 percent throughout the pedon. Volume of stones ranges from 0 to 5 percent throughout and a very stony phase is recognized in some places. Reaction typically ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in the upper part of the solum but ranges to neutral in an Ap horizon, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to slightly acid below the spodic horizon. Redox accumulations are below the spodic horizon but within 40 inches. Saturation occurs within 40 inches for 1 month or more per year in most years.
Some pedons have an O horizon with hue of 7.5YR or 10YR or the hue is neutral. Value is 2 or 3 and chroma is 0 to 2. The O horizon is a mat of partially decomposed forest litter.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 2 or 3; and chroma of 1 or 2. Cultivated pedons have an Ap horizon with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3. The A or Ap horizon is sandy loam or fine sandy loam.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 or 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. The E horizon is typically loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly, very gravelly, or cobbly analogs but in some pedons it is loam or the gravelly, very gravelly, or cobbly analogs.
Some pedons have a Bhs horizon less than 3 inches thick with hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 3; and chroma of 2 or 3. Typically, it is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly, very gravelly, or cobbly analogs, but in some pedons it is loam or the gravelly, very gravelly, or cobbly analogs.
The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6, or it has hue of 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4. It has texture like the Bhs horizon above.
Some pedons have an E' horizon with color like the E horizon described above. It is loamy sand, sandy loam, fine sandy loam or the gravelly, very gravelly, or cobbly analogs.
Sarwet soils have a glossic horizon (E/B or B/E horizons, or both). The E part has color and texture like the E' horizon above. The Bt part has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is typically sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or the gravelly, very gravelly, or cobbly analogs but some pedons have subhorizons of loamy sand or the gravelly, very gravelly, or cobbly analog.
The Bt horizon has color and texture like the Bt part described above. Some pedons with a B/E horizon do not have a Bt horizon.
The C horizon has hue of 2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR; value of 4 to 6; and chroma of 3 to 6. It is sandy loam, loamy sand, or the gravelly, very gravelly, or cobbly analogs.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Annalake, Goodwit, Newood, Padwood, Peavy, Shoepac, and Tipler series. Similar soils are the Haugen and Sarona series. Annalake soils have stratified loamy and sandy textures from glaciofluvial deposits in the lower part of the series control section. Goodwit soils have more than 50 percent silt in the upper 12 to 40 inches of the series control section. Newood soils have a densic contact (Cd) at a depth of 40 to 80 inches. Padwood soils have more than 85 percent sand in the fine earth fraction within the series control section at a depth of 24 and 40 inches and have stratified loamy and sandy textures (lacustrine material) at 40 to 60 inches. Peavy soils do not have a glossic horizon. Shoepac soils have 18 to 30 percent clay in the argillic horizon. Tipler soils have an apparent water table and have more than 85 percent sand throughout the lower part of the series control section. Haugen soils do not have a spodic horizon. Sarona soils do not have redox features or a water table.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Sarwet soils are on moraines and drumlins of Late Wisconsinan Age. Slope gradients range from 0 to 25 percent. These soils formed in mostly loamy till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost free period ranges from about 90 to 120 days. Elevation ranges from 700 to 1950 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Argonne(T), Capitola, Champion, Gogebic, Goodman, Goodwit(T), Keweenaw, Moodig, and Sarona soils. The moderately will drained Argonne soils occupy landscape positions similar to those of Sarwet soils where there is a fragipan. The poorly Capitola soils, the somewhat poorly drained Moodig soils, and the well drained Sarona soils form a drainage sequence with Sarwet soils. The well drained and moderately well drained Champion and Gogebic soils occupy landscape positions similar to those of Sarwet soils where there is a fragipan. The well drained Goodman soils and the moderately well drained Goodwit soils occupy similar landscape positions where there is a 12 to 36 inch thick mantle of silt loam. The well drained and moderately well drained Keweenaw soils occupy similar landscape positions where the soil is more sandy.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. Surface runoff is slow or medium. Permeability is moderate. Sarwet soils have a perched seasonal high water table at depths of 2 to 3.5 feet for 1 month or more per year at some time during the period of September to June in 6 or more out of 10 years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas of this soil are used for woodland. Common trees are sugar maple, American basswood, northern red oak, white ash, quaking aspen, and eastern hemlock. Some areas are used for cropland. Common crops are corn, small grain, and hay.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Wisconsin and the Upper Peninsula of Michigan. The extent is moderate.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota.
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Lincoln County, Wisconsin, 1993.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are: ochric epipedon - 0 to 6 inches (A, E); albic horizon - 5 to 6 inches (E); spodic horizon - 6 to 22 inches (Bs1, Bs2); glossic horizon - 22 to 71 inches (E/B1, E/B2, B/E1, B/E2); argillic horizon - 58 to 84 inches (B/E1, B/E2, Bt); oxyaquic feature - redox accumulations and saturation below the spodic horizon but within 40 inches for 1 month or more per year in most years.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Soil Interpretation Record - WI0280; WI0508 (Very Stony). Refer to soil survey sample number S91WI-069-284 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.