LOCATION ANNALAKE WI+MIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, frigid Alfic Oxyaquic Haplorthods
TYPICAL PEDON: Annalake fine sandy loam, on a 1 percent slope, in a wooded area, at an elevation of about 450 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 8 centimeters; very dark gray (10YR 3/1) fine sandy loam, gray (10YR 5/1) dry; moderate medium and coarse granular structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots; strongly acid; abrupt broken boundary.
E--8 to 15 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 5/2) fine sandy loam, pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; weak very thick platy structure parting to moderate medium subangular blocky; friable; many fine and very fine roots; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bs1--15 to 23 centimeters; dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and very fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bs2--23 to 43 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and very fine roots; very strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
E/B--43 to 79 centimeters; about 75 percent brown (10YR 5/3) fine sandy loam (E'), very pale brown (10YR 7/3) dry; moderate thin platy structure; friable; extends as tongues into or surrounds remnants of dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) fine sandy loam (Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few distinct dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of some peds; few fine and very fine roots; very strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt--79 to 99 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) sandy loam; moderate medium and coarse subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of some peds; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; abrupt wavy boundary.
C--99 to 152 centimeters; brown (7.5YR 4/4) and brown (7.5YR 5/4) stratified fine sand, very fine sand, loamy very fine sand, very fine sandy loam, and silt loam; massive; friable; few fine distinct strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; moderately acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 90A-Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part, Florence County, Wisconsin subset; about 1 mile south and 3.75 miles west of Fence; located about 1,800 feet south and 1,650 feet east of the northwest corner of section 33, T. 38 N., R. 16 E.; USGS Lake Gordon, WI topographic quadrangle; lat. 45 degrees 43 minutes 56 seconds N. and long. 88 degrees 30 minutes 04 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to stratified glaciofluvial deposits--less than 150 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--75 to more than 150 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--8 to 18 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--45 to 70 percent
Rock fragments--0 to 10 percent, gravel; mixed lithology
A horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or is neutral
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--0 to 2
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy very fine sand, or loamy fine sand
Clay content--2 to 15 percent
Sand content--40 to 85 percent
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.8
Thickness--0 to 13 centimeters
Ap horizon (when present):
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--3 or 4
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--sandy loam, fine sandy loam, loamy very fine sand, or loamy fine sand
Clay content--2 to 15 percent
Sand content--40 to 85 percent
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.8
Thickness--0 to 25 centimeters
E, E' (when present), and the E part of the E/B or B/E horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--4 to 6
Chroma--2 to 4
Texture--fine sandy loam, sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loam, sand, loamy very fine sand, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, or fine sand
Clay content--2 to 15 percent
Sand content--40 to 95 percent
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.8
Thickness of the E horizon--2 to 20 centimeters
Thickness of the E' horizon--0 to 20 centimeters
Bs horizon:
Hue--5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value--3 to 6
Chroma--4 to 6
Texture--fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, sandy loam, loamy very fine sand, or loamy fine sand
Clay content--5 to 15 percent
Sand content--40 to 85 percent
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 6.0
Thickness--10 to 40 centimeters
Bt part of the E/B and B/E horizons and Bt (when present) horizon:
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR
Value3 to 6
Chroma--3 to 6--value and chroma of 3 do not occur together
Texture--fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, sandy loam, or loam
Clay content--8 to 18 percent
Sand content--40 to 75 percent
Reaction--pH 4.5 to 7.3
Thickness of the glossic horizon--5 to 75 centimeters
Thickness of the Bt horizon--0 to 50 centimeters
Some pedons have strata of coarser or finer texture, or both, at least in the lower part
Some pedons with a B/E horizon do not have a Bt horizon
C horizon:
Hue--2.5YR, 5YR, 7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 7
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--stratified sandy loam, fine sandy loam, very fine sandy loam, loamy sand, sand, fine sand, loamy fine sand, very fine sand, loamy very fine sand, silt, or silt loam
Clay content--5 to 18 percent
Sand content--40 to 85 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 8.4
Moist bulk density--1.45 to 1.70 g/cc
Some pedons have thin layers of clay loam, sandy clay loam, or silty clay loam
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Beaverbay,
Chequamegon,
Goodwit,
Gulliver,
Loggerhead,
Padwood,
Sarwet,
Shoepac,
Spiderlake,
Stanberry, and
Tipler series.
Beaverbay--have a moist bulk density range of 1.85 to 2.0 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Chequamegon--have a moist bulk density range of 1.85 to 2.0 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Goodwit--have a sand content of less than 40 percent in the upper two thirds of the series control section
Gulliver--have a lithic contact with limestone within a depth of 150 centimeters
Loggerhead--do not have stratified sediments in the lower third of the series control section and have a rock fragment content of 1 to 35 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Padwood--have a sand content of more than 85 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Sarwet--do not have stratified sediments in the lower third of the series control section and have a rock fragment content of 1 to 40 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Shoepac--have a clay content that averages 10 to 27 percent in the particle-size control section and do not have stratified sediments in the lower third of the series control section
Spiderlake--have a sand content of more than 85 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Stanberry--have a moist bulk density range of 1.85 to 2.0 g/cc in the lower third of the series control section
Tipler--have a sand content of more than 85 percent in the lower third of the series control section
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--loamy stratified glaciofluvial deposits
Landform--glacial lake plains, outwash plains, moraines, deltas, lake terraces, and outwash terraces
Slope--0 to 18 percent
Elevation--185 to 600 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--3 to 9 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--660 to 965 millimeters
Frost-free period--100 to 190 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Alcona,
Richter,
Robago, and
Tonkey soils.
Alcona--are on higher landscape positions and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Richter--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.15 and 0.45 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Robago--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.15 and 0.6 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Tonkey--are on lower landscape positions and are frequently saturated from the surface of the soil to a depth of 0.3 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs between depths of 0.45 to 1 meter during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation, this saturation is considered perched
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are forested. A few areas have been cleared and are cultivated or pastured. The principal crops are corn, small grain, and hay. The native vegetation is red maple, sugar maple, yellow birch, balsam fir, paper birch, American basswood, eastern hemlock, and quaking aspen.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic divisions--Interior Plains and Laurentian Upland
Physiographic Provinces--Central Lowland and Superior Upland
Physiographic sections--Western Lake section and Eastern lake section
MLRAs--Wisconsin and Minnesota Thin Loess and Till, Northern Part (90A),
Superior Lake Plain (92),
Superior Stony and Rocky Loamy Plains and Hills, Eastern Part (93B), and
Northern Michigan and Wisconsin Sandy Draft (94A)
LRR K; north-central and northwestern Wisconsin, upper peninsula and northern part of the lower peninsula of Michigan
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-9 (Rhinelander, Wisconsin).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Florence County, Wisconsin, 1995.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 79 to 99 centimeters; series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon--the zone from the surface to a depth of 15 centimeters (A and E horizons);
albic horizon--the zone from a depth of 8 to 15 centimeters (E horizon);
spodic horizon--the zone from a depth of 15 to 43 centimeters (Bs1 and Bs2 horizons);
glossic horizon--the zone from a depth of 43 to 79 centimeters (E/B horizon);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 79 to 99 centimeters (Bt horizon);
udic moisture regime.
Oxyaquic subgroup based on redoximorphic accumulations and saturation below the spodic horizon but within 1.0 meter for 20 or more consecutive days or 30 or more cumulative days during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of 30 year mean of annual precipitation
This soil was formerly mapped as the moderately well drained phase of the Alcona series.
Cation-exchange activity class is based on laboratory data from similar soils.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.