LOCATION SEDGWICK WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Coarse-loamy over clayey, mixed, active, frigid Alfic Epiaquods
TYPICAL PEDON: Sedgwick loamy sand, on a northeast facing, convex, 3 percent slope, under mixed hardwoods and conifers, at an elevation of 1120 feet. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise noted.)
A--0 to 5 inches; dark reddish brown (5YR 3/2) loamy sand, dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) dry; weak fine subangular structure; friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; about 4 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; strongly acid; abrupt smooth boundary. (2 to 5 inches thick)
E--5 to 8 inches; reddish gray (5YR 5/2) loamy sand; pinkish gray (5YR 6/2) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium and common coarse roots; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 4 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (1 to 6 inches thick)
Bs--8 to 16 inches; reddish brown (5YR 4/4) fine sandy loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine, common medium, and few coarse roots; common medium distinct dark reddish gray (5YR 4/2) iron depletions and many medium distinct yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; about 4 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; moderately acid; abrupt wavy boundary. (3 to 10 inches thick)
2B/E--16 to 19 inches; 70 percent reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay (2Bt); moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; common faint reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; penetrated by tongues of brown (7.5YR 4/2) sandy loam (E), pinkish gray (7.5YR 6/2) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; common fine and few medium and coarse roots between peds; common medium prominent and distinct reddish gray (5YR 5/2) iron depletions and many medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 4/6) masses of iron accumulation; common fine prominent irregular black (5YR 2.5/1) soft masses of iron-manganese oxides on faces of peds ; about 4 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary. (Glossic horizon - 2 to 15 inches thick)
2Bt1--19 to 24 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; strong coarse angular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots between peds; common faint reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; about 10 percent interfingers of reddish gray (5YR 5/2) silty clay loam coating faces of some peds; few medium prominent yellowish red (5YR 5/6) masses of iron accumulation; common fine prominent irregular black (5YR 2.5/1) soft masses of iron-manganese oxides on faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; moderately acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt2--24 to 34 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; strong coarse angular blocky structure; firm; few fine and medium roots between peds; common faint reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent irregular black (5YR 2.5/1) soft masses of iron-manganese oxides on faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel and 2 percent cobbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt3--34 to 53 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 4/4) clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few fine and medium roots between peds; common faint reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine irregular prominent black (5YR 2.5/1) soft masses of iron-manganese oxides on faces of peds; about 4 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; neutral; gradual wavy boundary. (Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 6 to 45 inches.)
2Btk--53 to 80 inches; reddish brown (2.5YR 5/4) and reddish brown (4/4) silty clay loam and silty clay; moderate coarse prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; few fine roots between peds; few faint dark reddish brown (2.5YR 3/4) clay films on faces of peds; common fine faint irregular light reddish brown (2.5YR 6/4) accumulations of calcium carbonate; strongly effervescent (about 5 percent calcium carbonate); about 2 percent gravel and 1 percent cobbles; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Bayfield County, Wisconsin; about 2 miles north and 2 miles west of Bayfield; 1400 feet south and 2580 feet west of the northeast corner of section 3, T. 50 N., R. 4 W.; USGS Bayfield, WI topographic quadrangle; lat. 46 degrees 50 minutes 31 seconds N. and long. 90 degrees 51 minutes 05 seconds W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Depth to the base of the argillic horizon ranges from 40 to greater than 80 inches. Thickness of the loamy mantle ranges from 10 to 24 inches. Clay content in the clayey till ranges from 35 to 90 percent. Volume of gravel ranges from 0 to 15 percent in the loamy mantle. Volume of gravel typically ranges from 1 to 4 percent in the clayey till but some individual pedons or subhorizons of pedons have no gravel. Volume of cobbles ranges from 0 to 2 percent throughout. Carbonates occur within the control section, typically at a depth of 20 to 60 inches but the depth ranges to 80 inches in some pedons. Reaction naturally ranges from very strongly acid to moderately acid in the loamy mantle but ranges to neutral in the Ap horizon, where the soil is limed. Reaction ranges from strongly acid to neutral in the upper part of the clayey subsoil. Reaction ranges from slightly alkaline to strongly alkaline in the lower part of the clayey subsoil and in the substratum. Redox features are in the spodic horizon or in the albic horizon above the spodic and within a depth of 20 inches. Saturation occurs within a depth of 20 inches in most years.
The A horizon has hue of 5YR, 7.5YR or 10YR, value of 2 or 3, and chroma of 1 to 3. Some pedons have an Ap horizon with hue of 5YR, 7.5YR, or 10YR, value of 3 or 4, and chroma of 2 or 3.
The E horizon has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. Colors of 4/3 and 5/3 have value dry of 7 or more. The E horizon is loamy sand, loamy fine sand, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam.
Some pedons have a Bhs horizon as much as 4 inches thick with hue of 5YR or 7.5YR and value and chroma of 2 or 3. It is fine sandy loam or sandy loam. Volume of ortstein ranges up to 50 percent in some pedons.
The Bs horizon has hue of 5YR, and value and chroma of 3 to 6 or hue of 7.5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 4. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. The Bs horizon is sandy loam or fine sandy loam. Volume of ortstein ranges up to 50 percent in some pedons.
Some pedons have a E' horizon with hue of 5YR, or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 or 3. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam or very fine sandy loam.
Sedgwick soils have a glossic horizon. Horizonation below the spodic horizon has a wide range depending on the thickness of the loamy mantle and the depth to which spodic development and eluviation have occurred. Therefore there can be E/B, B/E, 2E/B, or 2B/E horizons, singly or in combination.
Where present, the E part of the E/B or B/E horizons has color and texture like the E' horizon described above. The Bt part has hue of 5YR or 7.5YR, value of 3 to 6, and chroma of 4 to 6. It is sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or loam.
The 2E part of the 2E/B or 2B/E horizon has color like the E' horizon described above. It is typically sandy loam, fine sandy loam, or very fine sandy loam in the upper part of the glossic and is silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay in the lower part. The 2Bt part has hue of 2.5YR or 5YR, value of 3 to 5, and chroma of 3 or 4. Value and chroma of 3 do not occur together. The 2Bt part is silty clay loam, clay loam, silty clay, or clay,
The 2Bt horizon and the 2Btk horizon have color and texture like the 2Bt part described above.
The 2Btk horizon has color and texture like the 2Bt part described above.
Some pedons have a 2Bk horizon or a 2C horizon, or both, with color and texture like the 2Bt part described above.
COMPETING SERIES: This is the Engadine series. Engadine soils do not have rock fragments.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Sedgwick soils are on knolls and sideslopes on till plains. Slope gradients range from 0 to 15 percent. These soils formed in a thin mantle of loamy alluvium and in the underlying clayey till. Mean annual precipitation ranges from 28 to 33 inches. Mean annual air temperature ranges from 39 to 45 degrees F. The frost-free period ranges from about 90 to 120 days. Elevation ranges from 600 to 1200 feet.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Allendale, Badriver, Engadine, Munuscong, and Superior soils. Allendale soils occupy landscape positions similar to those of Sedgwick soils, where there is a sandy mantle 20 to 40 inches thick. Badriver soils occupy similar landscape positions where the spodic horizon is absent. The moderately well drained Superior soils, the somewhat poorly drained Engadine soils, and the poorly drained and very poorly drained Munuscong soils form a drainage sequence in nearby areas where the soil formed in loamy alluvium and clayey lacustrine deposits.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Somewhat poorly drained. Runoff is slow to rapid. Permeability is moderate in the loamy alluvium and extremely slow to slow in the till. These soils have a perched seasonal water table at a depth of 0.5 to 2.0 feet at some time during the period September to June in most years.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for woodland. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous and coniferous forest. Common trees are red pine, red maple, balsam fir, quaking aspen, northern red oak and paper birch. Common understory species are willow, speckled alder, redosier dogwood, bracken fern, bunchberry dogwood, partridgeberry, and sedges. Some areas are used for cropland. Oats, bromegrass, timothy, alfalfa, and red clover are the principal crops.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northern Wisconsin in MLRA K92. This series is of small extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-4 (Duluth, Minnesota).
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Douglas County, Wisconsin, 2005. Source of the name is an unincorporated railroad stop in northeastern Ashland County.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon include: ochric epipedon - 0 to 8 inches (A, E); albic horizon - 5 to 8 inches (E); spodic horizon - 8 to 16 inches (Bs); glossic horizon - 16 to 19 inches (2B/E); argillic horizon - 16 to 80 inches (2B/E, 2Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Btk); aquic feature - redox features in the albic or spodic horizon within a depth of 20 inches and saturation within 20 inches.
Only series status, responsibility, and scrivener's errors changed - 4/09.
ADDITIONAL DATA: Refer to soil survey sample number 95WI007005 for NSSL data on the typical pedon.