LOCATION TODDVILLE WIEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Toddville silt loam, on a 2 percent slope, in a cultivated field, at an elevation of about 232 meters above sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 25 centimeters; black (10YR 2/1) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
AB--25 to 49 centimeters; dark brown (10YR 3/3) silt loam with some areas of brown (10YR 4/3), brown (10YR 5/3) dry; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; thin coats of very dark brown (10YR 2/2) in upper part of horizon; common fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt1--49 to 79 centimeters; dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; few fine roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
Bt2--79 to 104 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) silt loam; moderate medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; few faint clay films on faces of peds; common fine prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; strongly acid; gradual wavy boundary.
2Bt3--104 to 127 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) stratified silt loam, loam, sandy loam, and sand; weak medium subangular blocky structure; friable; few faint clay films on faces of peds; a few manganese oxides as streaks; few organic coats in worm and root channels; many medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2C--127 to 152 centimeters; brown (10YR 5/3) sand with thin lenses and small pockets of loam, silt loam, and sandy loam near the upper boundary; single grain; loose; few medium prominent strong brown (7.5YR 5/6) and strong brown (7.5YR 5/8) masses of iron accumulation; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Major Land Resource Area (MLRA) 105-Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills, La Crosse County, Wisconsin subset; about 2 miles southwest of Burns; located about 1,625 feet west and 450 feet south of the northeast corner of section 29, T. 17 N., R. 5 W.; USGS Bangor topographic quadrangle; lat. 43 degrees 55 minutes 37 seconds N. and long. 90 degrees 59 minutes 49 seconds W., NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the mollic epipedon--25 to 49 centimeters
Thickness of loess or silty alluvium--100 to 150 centimeters
Depth to carbonates--more than 150 centimeters
Clay content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--18 to 27 percent
Sand content in the particle-size control section (weighted average)--0 to 10 percent
Rock fragment content--0 percent
Ap or A horizon:
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--1 to 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--15 to 25 percent
Sand content--0 to 10 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--18 to 25 centimeters
AB horizon (when present):
Hue--10YR
Value--2 or 3
Chroma--2 or 3
Texture--silt loam
Clay content--15 to 27 percent
Sand content--0 to 10 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--0 to 25 centimeters
Some pedons have a BA horizon
Bt horizon:
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value--3 to 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--silt loam or silty clay loam
Clay content--18 to 30 percent
Sand content--0 to 10 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--45 to 70 centimeters
2Bt horizon:
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value--4 or 5
Chroma--3 or 4
Texture--stratified silt loam, loam, fine sandy loam, or sandy loam with thin strata of coarser textures
Clay content--10 to 25 percent
Sand content--2 to 75 percent
Reaction--pH 5.1 to 7.3
Thickness--15 to 35 centimeters
2BC (when present) or 2C horizon:
Hue--7.5YR, 10YR, or 2.5Y
Value--4 to 8
Chroma--2 to 6
Texture--stratified fine sand, medium sand, loamy fine sand, loamy sand, with few thin strata of finer textures
Clay content--0 to 15 percent
Sand content--70 to 98 percent
Reaction--5.1 to 7.3
COMPETING SERIES: These are the
Ashdale,
Broadwell,
Dinsdale,
Douglas,
Elkhart,
Elmont,
Gymer,
Healing,
Lycurgus,
Malcolm,
Meadowbank,
Mendota,
Mickle,
Ogle,
Osco,
Parkway,
Plano,
Proctor,
Richwood,
Ripon,
Sibley,
Sidell,
Tama,
Tecumseh,
Wakenda, and
Waupecan series.
Ashdale--have limestone bedrock within a depth of 150 centimeters
Broadwell--have a clay content that averages more than 27 percent in the particle-size control section
Dinsdale--have a clay content of 18 to 27 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Douglas--have a sand content of 15 to 45 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Elkhart--have carbonates within a depth of 100 centimeters
Elmont--have a paralithic contact within a depth of 150 centimeters
Gymer--have a clay content of 20 to 30 percent in the lower half of the series control section
Healing--have chert and sandstone fragments in the lower third of the series control section
Lycurgus--have a sand content of 10 to 40 percent in the upper two thirds of the series control section
Malcolm--have a sand content of 20 to 70 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Meadowbank--have a clay content that averages 27 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Mendota--have carbonates within a depth of 102 centimeters and have a rock fragment content of 12 to 60 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Mickle--have a sand content of less than 50 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Ogle--have a clay content of more than 15 percent in the lower third of the series control section and have matrix hues of 2.5YR, 5YR, or 7.5YR in the lower third of the series control section
Osco--have a sand content of less than 7 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Parkway--have a sand content of 20 to 40 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Plano--have a clay content that averages 27 to 35 percent in the particle-size control section
Proctor--have a sand content of more than 10 percent within a depth of 100 centimeters (39 inches)
Richwood--do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Ripon--have limestone bedrock within a depth of 100 centimeters
Sibley--have a mollic epipedon 61 to 91 centimeters thick (24 to 35 inches)
Sidell--have a rock fragment content of 2 to 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Tama--have a sand content of less than 5 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Tecumseh--have a sand content of 30 to 50 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Wakenda--have a sand content of less than 10 percent in the lower third of the series control section
Waupecan--have an average rock fragment content of more than 15 percent in the lower part of the series control section and have carbonates within a depth of 152 centimeters
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING:
Parent material--100 to 150 centimeters of loess or silty alluvium and in the underlying stratified alluvium
Landform--treads and risers on stream terraces in river valleys
Slope--0 to 6 percent
Elevation--200 to 400 meters above sea level
Mean annual air temperature--6 to 10 degrees C
Mean annual precipitation--760 to 965 millimeters
Frost-free period--145 to 205 days
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the
Richwood and
Rowley soils.
Richwood--are on slightly higher landscape positions and do not have a frequently saturated zone within a depth of 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
Rowley--are on slightly lower landscape positions and have a frequently saturated zone between depths of 0.3 to 0.6 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY:
Drainage class--moderately well drained--a frequently saturated zone occurs between depths of 1 and 1.8 meters during the wettest periods of years when precipitation is within one standard deviation of the 30 year mean of annual precipitation, this saturation is considered perched
Saturated hydraulic conductivity--1.00 to 10.00 micrometers per second in the loess or silty alluvium and 10.00 to 100.00 micrometers per second in the underlying stratified alluvium
USE AND VEGETATION:
Most areas are cultivated. The principal crops are corn, soybeans, small grain, and hay. The native vegetation is mixed big bluestem, little bluestem, switchgrass, other grasses of the tall grass prairie grasses and scattered oak or hickory trees.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT:
Physiographic division--Interior Plains
Physiographic province--Central Lowland
Physiographic section--Wisconsin driftless section
MLRA--Northern Mississippi Valley Loess Hills (105)
LRR--M; southwestern and west-central Wisconsin
Extent--moderate
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: St. Paul, Minnesota; MLRA SSO 10-10 (La Crosse, Wisconsin)
SERIES ESTABLISHED: La Crosse County, Wisconsin, 1957.
REMARKS:
Particle-size control section--the zone from a depth of 49 to 99 centimeters;
series control section--the zone from the surface to a depth of 150 centimeters.
Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
mollic epipedon--the zone from the surface of the soil to a depth of 49 centimeters (Ap and AB horizons);
argillic horizon--the zone from a depth of 49 to 127 centimeters (Bt1, Bt2, and 2Bt3 horizons);
udic moisture regime.
Cation-exchange activity class is supported by lab data from NSSL.
Taxonomy version--Keys to Soil Taxonomy, tenth edition, 2006.
ADDITIONAL DATA:
Laboratory data--National Soil Survey Laboratory, Lincoln, Nebraska; user pedonid 77WI103001 (http://ssldata.sc.egov.usda.gov/).