LOCATION WAKENDA MO+ILEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Typic Argiudolls
TYPICAL PEDON: Wakenda silt loam - on a 2 percent slope in a cultivated field. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
Ap--0 to 6 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; abrupt smooth boundary.
A--6 to 14 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; weak very fine subangular blocky structure parting to moderate very fine granular; very friable; common fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the A horizon is 12 to 20 inches).
BA--14 to 20 inches; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silty clay loam, dark brown (10YR 3/3) crushed, dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) dry; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (0 to 8 inches thick)
Bt1--20 to 31 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate very fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) coatings on faces of peds; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary.
Bt2--31 to 42 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; moderate fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots; very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) coatings on faces of some peds; common distinct clay films on faces of peds; slightly acid; clear smooth boundary. (Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 18 to 36 inches).
BC--42 to 51 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silty clay loam; common fine distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/6) and common fine faint dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) and grayish brown (10YR 5/2) mottles; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots; few faint clay flows along some vertical faces of peds; slightly acid; gradual smooth boundary. (0 to 12 inches thick).
C--51 to 60 inches; brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam; common fine faint grayish brown (10YR 5/2), brown (10YR 5/3) and dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) mottles; massive; friable; very few fine roots; common silt coats; slightly acid.
TYPE LOCATION: Carroll County, Missouri; about 3 miles west of DeWitt; 2,175 feet south and 150 feet east of the northwest corner of section 21 T. 53 N., R. 21 W.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: Solum thickness typically is 50 to 60 inches but ranges from 40 to more than 65 inches. The mollic epipedon ranges from 10 to 24 inches in thickness. These soils have less than 10 percent sand in the series control section. Reaction is moderately acid to neutral throughout.
The A horizon has color value of 2 or 3, 4 or 5 dry and chroma of 1 to 3.
The Bt horizon has color value of 3 or 4 and chroma of 2 to 4 in the upper part, and value of 4 or 5 and chroma of 3 or 4 in the lower part. Mottles of both high and low chroma are evident in the lower part of the Bt horizon. It is silty clay loam or silt loam. Clay percentage averages 27 to 35 percent, but ranges to 25 percent.
The C horizon has color value of 4 or 5, and chroma of 2 to 4. It commonly is silt loam, but silty clay loam is within the range. Mottles have hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 4 to 6, and chroma of 2 to 6.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Ashdale, Assumption, Barrington, Broadwell, Catlin, Cotter, Dana, Dinsdale, Douglas, Elkhart, Elmont, Graymont, Harrison, Healing, Keltner, Malcolm, Meadowbank, Mendota, Ogle, Plano, Proctor, Reading, Richwood, Ripon, Saybrook, Sibley, Sidell, Tama, Toddville, Troxel, Waupecan, and Wiota series. Ashdale, Assumption and Keltner soils have 2B horizons that average more than 35 percent clay. Barrington, Elkhart and Graymont soils have free carbonates at depths of 20 to 40 inches. Broadwell and Richwood soils have sandy textures at depths of 40 to 60 inches. Catlin soils have free carbonates at depths of 40 to 60 inches. Cotter, Reading, Sibley, Troxel and Wiota soils have mollic epipedons more than 24 inches thick. Dana, Dinsdale, Douglas, Harrison, Meadowbank, Ogle, Plano, Proctor, Saybrook, Sidell, Toddville and Waupecan soils have 2B or 3B horizons with more than 15 percent sand. Elmont soils have a paralithic contact at depths of 40 to 60 inches. Healing soils commonly have coarse fragments in the lower one-third of the series control section. Malcolm and Mendota soils have solum thickness less than 40 inches. Ripon soils have a lithic contact within 40 inches. Tama soils are more cool in the soil temperature control section and are more moist in the moisture control section during the 120 days following the summer solstice.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wakenda soils are on gently and moderately sloping convex ridgetops, side slopes, and high stream terraces. These soils formed in thick loess deposits. Slope gradients range from 2 to 9 percent. The mean annual temperature ranges from 52 to 57 degrees F. and mean annual precipitation ranges from 32 to 40 inches.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Higginsville, Knox, and Sharpsburg soils. Higginsville soils have 2 chroma mottles within 6 inches below the mollic epipedon and are on side slopes below Wakenda soils. Knox soils do not have a mollic epipedon and are on narrower ridgetops and steeper side slopes below Wakenda soils. Sharpsburg soils are in the fine textural family and are on similar landscapes.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained. Runoff is medium. Permeability is moderate. A perched water table has an upper limit at a depth of 4 to 6 feet from November to May.
USE AND VEGETATION: These soils are used to grow corn, soybeans, and wheat. Native vegetation is tall prairie grasses.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Central Missouri. It is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Carroll County, Missouri, 1988.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this series are: mollic epipedon - the zone from the surface to a depth of 20 inches (Ap, A and BA horizons); argillic horizon - the zone from approximately 20 to 42 inches (Bt1 and Bt2 horizons).