LOCATION TOGO WAEstablished Series
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Ashy over loamy-skeletal, glassy over isotic Xeric Vitricryands
TYPICAL PEDON: Togo ashy silt loam - on a north facing 36 percent slope at an elevation of 5,500 feet under a mixed conifer canopy. (Colors are for dry soil unless otherwise stated.)
Oi--0 to 2 inches; needles, leaves, twigs, and partially decomposed organic matter.
A--2 to 6 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) ashy silt loam, dark brown (7.5YR 3/4) moist; weak fine granular structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic and weakly smeary; common very fine, fine and few medium and coarse roots; 5 percent pebbles and 2 percent cobbles; NaF pH 11.0; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary. (4 to 6 inches thick)
Bw--6 to 17 inches; yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) ashy silt loam, brown (7.5YR 4/4) moist; weak fine and medium subangular blocky structure; soft, very friable, nonsticky, nonplastic and weakly smeary; common very fine, fine and few medium and coarse roots; 5 percent pebbles and 2 percent cobbles; NaF pH 11.0; slightly acid (pH 6.2); clear wavy boundary. (10 to 14 inches thick)
2BC--17 to 30 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very cobbly sandy loam, dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine and medium roots; 15 percent pebbles, 20 percent cobble, and 5 percent stones; moderately acid (pH 5.8); gradual wavy boundary. (10 to 20 inches thick)
2C--30 to 60 inches; light yellowish brown (10YR 6/4) very cobbly sandy loam, yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) moist; massive; soft, very friable, nonsticky and nonplastic; few fine roots; 20 percent pebbles, 30 percent cobbles, and; 5 percent stones; moderately acid (pH 5.8)
TYPE LOCATION: Colville Indian Reservation, Ferry County, Washington; about 11 miles north of Bridge Creek Road on South Seventeenmile Mountain; 1,000 feet south and 1,600 feet east of the northwest corner of sec. 32, T. 34 N., R. 34 E., W.M.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS: The mean annual soil temperature at a depth of 20 inches ranges from 38 to 44 degrees F. These soils are usually moist, but are dry in all parts between a depth of 4 to 12 inches for 45 to 60 consecutive days following the summer solstice. Thickness of the volcanic ash mantle ranges from 14 to 20 inches. The upper part of the 0 to 40 inch particle-size control section has an estimated moist bulk density of 0.75 to 0.85 g/cc, volcanic glass content of 30 to 60 percent, acid-oxalate extractable aluminum plus one-half of the acid-oxalate extractable iron of more than 2.0 percent, and 15-bar water retention of 5 to 12 percent for air dried samples. Rock fragments in the lower part of the control section ranges from 35 to 80 percent and are dominantly angular fragments. Some pedons have a very stony surface layer with 3 to 15 percent stones on the surface.
The A horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 6 or 7 dry, and 4 or 5 moist.
The Bw horizon has hue of 10YR or 7.5YR, value of 5 through 7 dry, 4 or 5 moist, and chroma of 3 or 4 dry or moist. It is ashy loam, ashy silt loam, gravelly ashy loam, cobbly ashy loam, cobbly ashy silt loam or stony ashy silt loam. It is 0 to 20 percent pebbles, 0 to 10 percent cobbles, and 0 to 15 percent stones. It is slightly acid to neutral.
The 2BC horizon has value of 6 or 7 dry, 4 through 6 moist, and chroma of 2 through 4 moist or dry. It is very cobbly sandy loam, very gravelly sandy loam, or extremely cobbly sandy loam. Rock fragments average 35 to 60 percent with 15 to 35 percent pebbles, 10 to 20 percent cobbles, and 0 to 5 percent stones. It is slightly acid or moderately acid.
The 2C horizon has hue of 10YR, 2.5Y, or 5Y, value of 6 through 8 dry, through 6 moist, and chroma of 2 through 4 moist or dry. It is very gravelly sandy loam, very cobbly sandy loam, extremely gravelly sandy loam, or extremely cobbly sandy loam. Rock fragments range from 35 to 80 percent, with 20 to 60 percent pebbles, 10 to 30 percent cobbles, and 0 to 5 percent stones. Below 40 inches some pedons are very gravelly loamy coarse sand, extremely gravelly loamy coarse sand or extremely cobbly loamy coarse sand. It is slightly acid or moderately acid.
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Coopmont, Fiscus, Glaze and Manley series. Coopmont soils have 15 to 35 percent pumice fragments in the upper part of the particle-size control section. Fiscus soils have 2Bt horizons. Glaze soils have a Bt horizon that has 18 to 35 percent clay. Manley soils are hard and friable glacial till with a moderate permeability, and have dominantly rounded rock fragments in the particle-size control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Togo soils are on backslopes, footslopes, and ridges of mountains. These soils formed in volcanic ash over residuum and colluvium from granitic rock and glacial till. Slopes are 0 to 65 percent. Elevation is 4,000 to 6,500 feet. The climate is characterized by cool, dry summers and cold, moist winters; mean annual temperature is 38 to 40 degrees F; average annual precipitation ranges 20 to 35 inches. Frost-free season is 70 to 100 days.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Moses, Scar, Sitdown, and the competing Manley soils. Moses soils are 20 to 40 inches deep to a paralithic contact. Scar soils have a spodic horizon and less than 35 percent rock fragments in the control section. Sitdown soils are sandy-skeletal and have a volcanic ash mantle 7 to 14 inches thick.
DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Well drained; slow to rapid runoff; moderate permeability in the Bw horizons and moderately rapid permeability in the 2C horizons.
USE AND VEGETATION: Timber production, wildlife habitat, watershed, grazing and recreation are the principal uses. Native vegetation consists of subalpine fir, Engelmann spruce, Douglas-fir, and lodgepole pine with an understory of longtube twinflower, black mountain huckleberry, Rocky Mountain maple, pachystima, and queencup beadlily.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Northeastern Washington. Series is of moderate extent.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Bozeman, Montana
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Ferry County, Washington, 1971.
REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features recognized in this soil are an ochric epipedon from 2 to 6 inches and a cambic horizon from 6 to 17 inches. The lower part of the control section averages 47 percent rock fragments. The description reflects a change in classification from ashy over loamy-skeletal, mixed Xeric Vitricryands to ashy over loamy-skeletal, glassy over isotic Xeric Vitricryands.