LOCATION WINGATE                 IL+IN

Established Series
Rev. MWB-TJE-AAC
12/2015

WINGATE SERIES

The Wingate series consists of very deep, moderately well drained soils on till plains. They formed in loess or other silty material and in the underlying calcareous loamy till. They are moderately permeable in the solum and moderately slowly permeable in the substratum. Slope ranges from 0 to 10 percent. Mean annual temperature is about 11 degrees C (52 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 965 mm (38 inches).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Mollic Oxyaquic Hapludalfs

TYPICAL PEDON: Wingate silt loam - on a slope of 2 percent in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 198 meters (650 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soils unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 23 cm (0 to 9 inches); very dark grayish brown (10YR 3/2) silt loam, brown (10YR 5/3) dry; moderate medium subangular blocky structure parting to moderate fine granular; friable; many very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [15 to 23 cm (6 to 9 inches) thick)

E--23 to 30 cm (9 to 12 inches); brown (10YR 4/3) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate medium platy structure; friable; common very fine roots; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [0 to 13 cm (0 to 5 inches) thick)

Bt1--30 to 56 cm (12 to 22 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; many distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

Bt2--56 to 69 cm (22 to 27 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; moderate medium angular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the Bt horizon is 25 to 76 cm (10 to 30 inches).]

2Bt3--69 to 91 cm (27 to 36 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) clay loam; moderate coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few very fine roots; common distinct brown (10YR 4/3) clay films on faces of peds; few distinct black (10YR 2/1) iron and manganese oxide coatings on faces of peds; common fine and medium irregular black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules throughout; few fine prominent light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) iron depletions in the matrix; about 2 percent fine gravel; moderately acid; clear smooth boundary.

2Bt4--91 to 132 cm (36 to 52 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay loam; weak coarse subangular blocky structure; firm; few distinct dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) clay films on faces of peds; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules throughout; about 5 percent fine gravel; neutral; gradual smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is 18 to 76 cm (7 to 30 inches).]

2C--132 to 152 cm (52 to 60 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) loam; massive; firm; few fine rounded black (10YR 2/1) weakly cemented iron and manganese oxide nodules throughout; about 5 percent fine gravel; slightly effervescent; slightly alkaline.

TYPE LOCATION: Edgar County, Illinois; about 1/4 miles northeast of Horace; 1,455 feet east and 985 feet north of the southwest corner of sec. 25, T. 15 N., R. 12 W.; USGS Paris North topographic quadrangle; lat. 39 degrees 43 minutes 22.4 seconds N., and long. 87 degrees 42 minutes 06.4 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16, 439856 easting and 4397235 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of soil development: 74 to 157 cm (29 to 62 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 74 to 165 cm (29 to 65 inches)
Depth to horizons with more than 15 percent sand: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches)
Average clay content of the particle-size control section: 24 and 35 percent

Ap or A horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 2 or 3 (4 or 5 dry)
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 15 to 27 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

E horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3
Texture: silt loam
Clay content: 15 to 27 percent
Reaction: moderately acid to neutral

Some pedons do not have an E horizon. Other pedons have a BA or BE horizon.

Bt horizon:
Hue: 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Redoximorphic features: occur in the middle or lower parts of the horizon
Texture: typically silty clay loam, but silt loam in some subhorizons in the upper part
Clay content: 24 to 35 percent
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral

2Bt or 2BC horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 5 or 6
Chroma: 2 to 6. Redoximorphic features are present.
Texture: commonly clay loam, but ranges to loam in the lower part in some pedons
Clay content: 20 to 32 percent
Sand content: 20 to 50 percent
Volume of coarse fragments: 1 to 7 percent
Reaction: commonly slightly acid or neutral, but ranges from strongly acid to slightly alkaline. Some pedons have carbonates in the lower part.

2C horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 7.5YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: commonly 4 but ranges from 2 to 6. Redoximorphic features are present in some pedons.
Texture: commonly loam, but ranges to clay loam in the upper part in some pedons
Clay content: 15 to 29 percent
Sand content: 25 to 50 percent
Volume of coarse fragments: 1 to 10 percent
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline. Most pedons have carbonates, but some pedons have subhorizons in the upper part without carbonates.

COMPETING SERIES: These are the Barony, Downsouth, Grays, Hedrick, Juda, Kaneville, Newvienna, Richview, Throckmorton, Vasa, and Windere series. Barony and Grays soils have subhorizons that contain more than 50 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section. Downsouth and Newvienna soils have less than 15 percent sand throughout the series control section. Hedrick, Kaneville, and Vasa soils do not have horizons with more than 15 percent sand within a depth of 102 cm (40 inches). Juda soils average more than 27 percent clay and less than 25 percent fine or coarser sand in the lower part of the series control section. Richview soils do not have carbonates within a depth of 165 cm (65 inches). Throckmorton soils have subhorizons in the middle part of the series control section with more than 50 percent sand.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Wingate soils are on Wisconsin-aged till plains. Slopes range from 0 to 10 percent. They formed in 20 to 40 inches of loess or other silty material and the underlying calcareous loamy till. Mean annual temperature ranges from 46 to 55 degrees F, mean annual precipitation ranges from 29 to 40 inches, frost-free period ranges from 160 to 180 days, and elevation ranges from 600 to 1,020 feet above sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: Wingate soils are on Wisconsin-aged till plains. Slopes range from 0 to 10 percent. They formed in 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) of loess or other silty material and the underlying calcareous loamy till. Mean annual temperature ranges from 7.8 to 12.8 degrees C (46 to 55 degrees F), mean annual precipitation ranges from 813 to 1092 mm (32 to 43 inches, frost-free period ranges from 145 to 195 days, and elevation ranges from 186 to 293 meters (610 to 960 feet) above sea level.

DRAINAGE AND PERMEABILITY: Moderately well drained. An intermittent perched seasonal high water table is at a depth of 46 to 91 cm (1.5 to 3.0 feet) at some time between February and April in most years. The potential for surface runoff is low or medium. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high or high (4.23 to 14.11 micrometers per second) in the solum and moderately high (1.41 to 4.23 micrometers per second) in the underlying material. Permeability is moderate in the solum and moderately slow in the substratum.

USE AND VEGETATION: Mostly cropped to corn, soybeans, or small grain. A few small areas are used for hayland or pasture. Native vegetation is mixed prairie grasses and hardwoods.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: East-central Illinois and west-central Indiana. The Wingate series is of moderate extent in MLRA 95B, 108 and 111.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana.

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Tippecanoe County, Indiana, 1955.

REMARKS: Diagnostic horizons and features in this pedon are:
ochric epipedon - the zone from 0 to 30 cm (0 to 12 inches) (Ap and E horizons);
argillic horizon - the zone from 30 to 132 cm (12 to 52 inches) (Bt1, Bt2, 2Bt3, 2Bt4 horizons);
redoximorphic features - consist of iron depletions, iron and manganese nodules, and clay films with chroma of 2 in horizons below a depth of 69 cm (27 inches);
lithologic discontinuity - at a depth of 69 cm (27 inches) (contact between the Bt2 and 2Bt3 horizons);
udic moisture regime.

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National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.