LOCATION ZIPP IN+IL KY OH PA

Established Series
Rev. JLS-GRS-BGN
03/2011

ZIPP SERIES

The Zipp series consists of very deep, poorly drained or very poorly drained soils on lake plains, lacustrine terraces and flood-plain steps. They formed in fine-textured lacustrine or slackwater sediments. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. Mean annual precipitation is about 1092 mm (43 inches) and mean annual temperature is about 12 degrees C (54 degrees F).

TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, nonacid, mesic Typic Endoaquepts

TYPICAL PEDON: Zipp silty clay loam on a nearly level slope in a cultivated field at an elevation of about 119 meters (390 feet) above mean sea level. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)

Ap--0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silty clay loam, light brownish gray (10YR 6/2) dry; moderate fine granular structure; firm; neutral; abrupt smooth boundary. [13 to 25 cm (5 to 10 inches) thick]

Bg1--25 to 38 cm (10 to 15 inches); dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay loam; moderate fine angular blocky structure; firm; many faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) pressure faces on peds; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg2--38 to 89 cm (15 to 35 inches); gray (5Y 5/1) silty clay loam; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to strong fine angular blocky; firm; many faint dark gray (5Y 4/1) pressure faces on peds; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) and few fine prominent light olive brown (2.5Y 5/4) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.

Bg3--89 to 114 cm (35 to 45 inches); dark gray (5Y 4/1) silty clay; moderate medium prismatic structure parting to moderate medium angular blocky; firm; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral; clear wavy boundary.[ (Combined thickness of the Bg horizons is 64 to 127 cm (25 to 50 inches) thick]

Cg--114 to 152 cm (45 to 60 inches); gray (10YR 6/1) silty clay; massive; firm; many fine prominent yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) masses of oxidized iron in the matrix; neutral.

TYPE LOCATION: Warrick County, Indiana; about 4 1/2 miles northeast of the town of Newburgh; 200 feet north and 1,200 feet east of the southwest corner of sec. 28, T. 6 S., R. 8 W. USGS Yankeetown, IN topographic quadrangle; lat. 37 degrees 57 minutes 42.162 seconds N. and long. 087 degrees 19 minutes 05. 021 seconds W.; UTM Zone 16, 472061 easting and 4201615 northing, NAD 83.

RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Depth to the base of the cambic horizon: 76 to 152 cm (30 to 60 inches)
Particle size control section: averages 35 to 55 percent clay and 1 to 12 percent sand

Ap horizon:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 1 or 2
Texture: commonly silty clay loam or silty clay, and less commonly silt loam
Reaction: commonly slightly acid or neutral and ranges to moderately acid

A horizon, less than 6 inches thick, where present:
Hue: 10YR or 2.5Y
Value: 3 to 5
Chroma: 1 or 2

Bg horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y or N
Value: 4 to 6
Chroma: 0 or 1
Texture: silty clay loam, silty clay or clay
Reaction: commonly slightly acid or neutral and ranges to moderately acid

Cg or C horizon:
Hue: 10YR, 2.5Y, 5Y or N
Value: 4 to 7
Chroma: 0 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay that can be stratified and includes thin strata of silt loam
Reaction: neutral to moderately alkaline
Calcium Carbonate Equivalent: 0 to 20 percent

COMPETING SERIES: This is the Valley series. Valley soils formed in glaciolacustrine sediments underlain by till in depressions on till plains and have at least 2 percent rock fragments in the lower part of the series control section.

GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Zipp soils are on level or slight depressions of lake plains and broad, slightly concave lacustrine terraces and flood-plain steps. They formed in fine-textured lacustrine or slackwater sediments. Slope ranges from 0 to 1 percent. The mean annual temperature ranges from 10 to 14 degrees C (51 to 58 degrees F). The mean annual precipitation ranges from 889 to 1219 mm (35 to 48 inches). Frost-free days range from 150 to 210. Elevation ranges from 104 to 244 meters (340 to 800 feet) above mean sea level.

GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Evansville, Kings, Markland, Mcgary, Montgomery and Shircliff soils. The very poorly drained Kings soils have a mollic epipedon, smectitic clay mineralogy and are in depressions. The well drained Markland and moderately well drained Shircliff soils are on rises, shoulders, and backslopes. The somewhat poorly drained McGary soils are on slightly higher lying flats. The poorly drained, less clayey Evansville soils are on treads of stream terraces. The very poorly drained Montgomery soils have a mollic epipedon and are on similar landform positions.

DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Very poorly drained or poorly drained. Undrained areas have an intermittent apparent high water table at the surface to a depth of 30 centimeters (1.0 foot) from November through May in normal years. This soil is subject to periods of frequent, brief ponding at depths up to 15 cm (0.5 foot) from December to May in normal years. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is low or moderately low (0.07 to 0.42 micrometers/sec). Permeability is very slow (0.01 to 0.06 inches per hour). The potential for surface water runoff is low or negligible. This soil is subject to flooding in areas that are on a flood-plain step.

USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are drained and used for growing cultivated crops and hay and pasture. Some areas are in woodland. Native vegetation is mixed deciduous forest.

DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio Pennsylvania and Illinois. The acreage is of moderate extent, and is within several MLRA's, including 111A, 113, 114A, 114B, 115A, 115B, 120C, 121, 124, 126 and 147. The type location is in MLRA 115A.

MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Indianapolis, Indiana

SERIES ESTABLISHED: Vanderburgh County, Indiana, 1939.

REMARKS: Flooded, ponded and loamy substratum phases have been recognized.

Diagnostic surface and subsurface horizons and features recognized in this pedon are:
1) Ochric epipedon: the zone from 0 to 25 cm (0 to 10 inches) (Ap horizon);
2) Cambic horizon: the zone from 25 to 114 cm (10 to 45 inches) (Bg1, Bg2, Bg3 horizons); and
3) Redoximorphic features: from 25 to 152 cm (10 to 60 inches).

The classification was changed in July of 2001 from Vertic Endoaquepts back to Typic Endoaquepts, which had been the classification prior to 1996. Limited data for COLE indicates the Linear Extensibility is less than 6.0 cm in the upper 100 cm of the soil.

ADDITIONAL DATA: Data on pedon number S92IN123-004 is at the NSSC, Lincoln, NE. Additional data in on file at the Department of Agronomy, Agricultural Experiment Station, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana.

National Cooperative Soil Survey
U.S.A.