LOCATION MARKLAND IN+IL KY OH WVEstablished Series
The Markland series consists of very deep, well drained soils on lake plains. They formed in thin loess and the underlying calcareous, fine-textured lacustrine sediments. Slopes are commonly 12 to 50 percent, but range from 2 to 70 percent. Mean annual temperature is 12 degrees C (54 degrees F), and mean annual precipitation is about 1092 mm (43 inches).
TAXONOMIC CLASS: Fine, mixed, active, mesic Typic Hapludalfs
TYPICAL PEDON: Markland silt loam on a 46 percent slope in a forested area at an elevation of about 122 meters (400 feet) above MSL. (Colors are for moist soil unless otherwise stated.)
A--0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 inches); dark grayish brown (10YR 4/2) silt loam, pale brown (10YR 6/3) dry; moderate fine and medium subangular blocky structure; friable; many fine and medium roots; slightly acid; clear wavy boundary. [5 to 20 cm (2 to 8 inches) thick]
2Bt1--10 to 38 cm (4 to 15 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots between peds; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; strongly acid; clear wavy boundary.
2Bt2--38 to 71 cm (15 to 28 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay; strong medium angular blocky structure; firm; common fine and medium roots between peds; common distinct yellowish brown (10YR 5/4) clay films on faces of peds; neutral; clear smooth boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Bt horizon is from 46 to 81 cm (18 to 32 inches).]
2Btk1--71 to 97 cm (28 to 38 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay; strong fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots between peds; common distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; few fine carbonate nodules; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
2Btk2--97 to 122 cm (38 to 48 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; strong fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots between peds; common distinct brown (10YR 5/3) clay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium carbonate nodules; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary.
2Btk3--122 to 150 cm (48 to 59 inches); yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) silty clay loam; strong fine subangular blocky structure; firm; few fine roots between peds; common distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; many fine and medium carbonate nodules; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline; clear wavy boundary. [Combined thickness of the 2Btk horizon is 25 to 86 cm (10 to 34 inches).]
2BCtk--150 to 203 cm (59 to 80 inches); stratified yellowish brown (10YR 5/6) 90 percent silty clay loam and 10 percent silty clay; weak fine subangular blocky structure; friable; few fine roots between peds; few distinct dark yellowish brown (10YR 4/4) clay films on faces of peds; many fine carbonate nodules; strongly effervescent; moderately alkaline.
TYPE LOCATION: Perry County, Indiana; 1,200 feet east and 1,650 feet south of the northwest corner of sec. 22, T. 5 S., R. 1 W; USGS Derby topographic quadrangle; lat. 38 degrees 04 minutes 08.1 seconds N., and long. 86 degrees 30 minutes 34.9 seconds W., UTM Zone 16, 543007 easting and 4213578 northing, NAD 83.
RANGE IN CHARACTERISTICS:
Thickness of the loess: 8 to 46 cm (3 to 18 inches)
Depth to carbonates: 51 to 102 cm (20 to 40 inches) except, severely eroded areas can be less than 51 cm (20 inches)
Depth to the base of the argillic horizon: 76 to 178 cm (30 to 70 inches)
Particle-size control section: averages 40 to 55 percent clay and 2 to 5 percent sand (fine and coarser)
A horizon:
Value: 3 or 4
Chroma: 1 to 3
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Ap horizon:
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 2 to 4
Texture: silt loam or silty clay loam
Reaction: strongly acid to neutral
Bt horizon, where present:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam
Clay content: 27 to 34 percent
Sand content: 2 to 10 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to moderately acid
2Bt horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Sand content: 2 to 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 0 to 5 percent
Reaction: very strongly acid to slightly alkaline
2Btk horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: silty clay loam or silty clay
Clay content: 35 to 55 percent
Sand content: 2 to 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 5 to 25 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
2BCtk horizon:
Hue: 7.5YR or 10YR
Value: 4 or 5
Chroma: 3 to 6
Texture: commonly silty clay loam or silty clay and includes silt loam and silt
Clay content: 20 to 50 percent
Sand content: 2 to 10 percent
Calcium carbonate equivalent: 20 to 45 percent
Reaction: slightly alkaline or moderately alkaline
COMPETING SERIES: These are the Beasley, Bledsoe, Bonnell, Bucklick, Caneyville, Cospersville, Eden, Enott, Estate, Faywood, Fredonia, Haggatt, Heverlo, Kewaunee, Lowell, Milton, Mountpleasant, Muncie, Solway, and Vandalia series.
Beasley, Eden, Enott, Heitt, Heverlo, Jessup, Shrouts, Solway, and Woodsfield soils have a paralithic contact within the series control section. Bucklick, Caneyville, Estate, Faywood, Fredonia, Haggatt, Milton, and Newnata soils have a lithic contact within the series control section. Bledsoe, Bonnell, Lowell, Mountpleasant, Muncie, and Vandalia soils have rock fragments in some part of the series control section. Brashear soils have redoximorphic features (depletions) in the middle and lower part of the series control section. Briggsville soils average less than 53 degrees in the soil temperature control section. Kewaunee soils have hue redder than 7.5YR in the argillic horizon. Cospersville soils have more than 10 percent sand in the lower part of the series control section.
GEOGRAPHIC SETTING: Markland soils are commonly on risers of dissected lake plains, and less commonly treads. The slope gradient commonly is 12 to 50 percent, but ranges from 2 to 70 percent. The soil formed in 8 to 46 cm (3 to 18 inches) of loess and the underlying calcareous, fine-textured lacustrine sediments. Mean annual temperature ranges from 11 to 14 degrees C (51 to 57 degrees F), and the mean annual precipitation ranges from 1016 to 1168 mm (40 to 46 inches). Frost free days range from 150 to 210.
GEOGRAPHICALLY ASSOCIATED SOILS: These are the Hartz, Lauer, McGary, Percell, Shircliff and Zipp soils. The well drained Percell, moderately well drained Hartz and somewhat poorly drained Lauer soils all average less than 35 percent clay in the particle-size control section. They typically are on treads or flats of lake plains. The moderately well drained Shircliff soils are on treads. The somewhat poorly drained McGary soils are on flats, and the very poorly drained Zipp soils are on flats or in very shallow depressions.
DRAINAGE AND SATURATED HYDRAULIC CONDUCTIVITY: Well drained. The potential for surface water runoff ranges from medium to very high. Saturated hydraulic conductivity is moderately high to moderately low (0.42 to 4.23 micrometers/s). Permeability is moderately slow or slow. This soil on risers is subject to rare periods of flooding.
USE AND VEGETATION: Most areas are used for woodland or hay and pasture. Some areas are used for cropland, mainly corn and soybeans. Native vegetation is mixed hardwood forest.
DISTRIBUTION AND EXTENT: Indiana, Ohio, Kentucky, West Virginia, and Illinois. The series is of moderate extent and within several MLRA's. The type location is in MLRA 120B.
MLRA SOIL SURVEY REGIONAL OFFICE (MO) RESPONSIBLE: Morgantown, West Virginia
SERIES ESTABLISHED: Switzerland County, Indiana, 1930.
REMARKS: This series was revised in 1995, and the series concept is defined to only include soils that have no water table above 6 feet. The type location is moved to a more typical area in Perry County, IN. Mineralogy data from the typical pedon indicates that it could be in the illitic class, but it will remain in the mixed class until it is evaluated throughout the extent of the series.
Diagnostic surface and subsurface horizons recognized in this pedon are: 1) Ochric epipedon: the zone from 0 to 10 cm (0 to 4 inches) (A horizon); 2) Argillic horizon: the zone from 10 to 150 cm (4 to 59 inches) (2Bt1, 2Bt2, 2Btk1, 2Btk2, 2Btk3 horizons).
ADDITIONAL DATA: Data on the typical pedon S92IN123-3 is at the NSSC, Lincoln, NE.